|
b;'l; xÝek;W anuy;YI ÚsmudÓÛ
kq;i$r a;$i$ xÝ;Ntr a;ez " Ús;grà isN/uà
b;iri/ à b;rIxà
a,Rbà p;r;p;rà jli/ \ rtª;krÛ.
be^;ps;grà a;rbs;grà &;rt mh;s;gr \ di=, em• s'lg« a*;N$;k¿Ri$k¿ mh;s;gr–pI a;m;edr jli/ a÷l eqek pOiqbIr sbR;i/k \ sebR;¼m
±XbyR s'gÓh ker a;m;edrE a,Rbep;et t; edex ibedex rPt;nI kr;r
m;/*em s;r; duinY;r b;i,ij*k e=e] xIWRSh;n
ai/k;r krb;r Sbp« a;mr; &;rtIYr; tOtIY shsÓ;eÝr º•etE
ed%et º• keriz. es SbPndxRn abx* a;j\ ab*;ht Ab' &ibW*et
t; –p;Ye,r ¤eâex* n;n;n pirkLpn; gÓh, ker celiz.
ikNtu
A kq; men r;%et heb eyà AE Sbp«i$ b;Stb;iYt krb;r jen* a;m;edr
y; pÓ/;n sh;Yk heb t; hl &;retr s;midÓk Eith;si&i¼k
wb+;ink anusN/;n \ AigeY cl;r pÓecê;.
&;retr t$s'lg« pÓ;eNtr m;nuW smuedÓ xy*; epet s;muidÓk
±ith* ge‹ tulet º• ker pOiqbIr Eith;esr ¥W;k;el l=;i/k
bzr a;eg pUeb;Riöi%t s;muidÓk Al;k;Y Ab' t; E¤er;p \ an*;n*
mh;edexr aenk a;eg. t;r pÓ/;n dui$ k;r, izlú Aki$ " emosumI
b;Yu \ an*i$ " AE mh;smuedÓr centre
of gravity b; &;rekeNdÓ &;retr abSh;n.
sdR;r ek .Am.
p;inKr t-;r India and the Indian Ocean bEeY ile%eznà 'The
Indian Ocean has some of the features of a landlocked sea. Unlike the Pacific
or the Atlantic which are like giant highways between the North and the South,
this ocean is walled off on three sides by land with the southern side of Asia
forming a roof over it. The continent
of Africa constitutes the western wall,
while Burma, Malaya, and the insular continuations protect the eastern side.
But the vital feature which differentiates the Indian Ocean from the Pacific
or the Atlantic is not the two sides but ( the most significant and strategic
position of) the subcontinent of India which just far into the sea for a thousand
miles to its tapering end at Kanya Kumari."
AxIY \ E¤er;pIY /mRgÓeNhà s;ihet*à
pur;enà &;SkeyRà Sh;pet*à ic]kl;Yà pÓStr
ilipetà e%;d;Ek;eyRà m;i$à pÓStrà bLklà
pºcmR \ /;tur mudÓ;Yà &;W;Yà s;m;ijk rIitetà
%;ed*à ebx&UW;Yà s^Ietà aS]xS] \ yuä ekoxel
isN/u
¤pt*k; s&*t;r se^ E¤er;pà piXcm AixY;à a;ifÓk;à
di=, a;emirk; Ab' sudUr pÓ;ec*r se^ s;muidÓk s'ey;egr pÓm;,
aenk e=e]E p;\Y; egez %ÓIêpUbR i]x dxk eqekE. sMpÓit srSbtI
¤pt*k; s&*t; a;ib:k;err pr AE sMpkR ey a;er; itn eqek p-;c shsÓ;Ý
puer;en; t;r yeqê pÓm;,\ p;\Y; egez.
a;er; pÓm;, heYez eyà pÓStr yueg a;ifÓk; eqek keYk
h;j;r inegÓ; Shlpeq eg;¹\Y;n;l*;¹ ait½m ker &;ret
Aes ep-oezizl. eg;¹\Y;n;l*;¹ bŸ l= bzr a;egr Aki$ mh;edx y;r
ibSt;r izl &;rt eqek di=, a;ifÓk;à di=, a;emirk;à di=,
em• \ aeS$ÓilY; pyRNt. per AE inegÓ;r; bŸs'%*k g;ezr
‡-i‹ eqek wtrI enok;Y be^;ps;gr p;r heY a;Nd;m;n \ inek;br dBIppue¢
igeY ep-oz;Y;
a;jekr a;Nd;m;enr j;•Y;à \i^à esiN$eniljà Et*;id ¤pj;itr
m;nuW AedrE b'x/r.
&;rt \ E¤er;epr smudÓpeq b;i,ij*k sMpekRr aenk dOê;Nt
a;ez. b;Eebelr \L@ e$S$;emeN$ &;retr keYki$ j;Yg;r n;emr \ &;rtIY keYki$
p,*s;mgÓIr kq;r ¤eö% a;ez. sudUr pÓ;ec*à ¤¼r
a;ifÓk;Yà piXcm AixY; Ab' di=, E¤er;ep p;\Y; em;her \ mO_p;e]r
&g«;'ex en;°rà s;/nI (tool)à
yN]p;ità Amnik rN/np;e]r zib eqek pÓm;, p;\Y; y;Y eyà
A%;nk;r ¤pkUlbtIR edx‡ilet
(eymn
suemrà imxrà ½I$à p;rs*à di=, cInà
x*;medxà j;&; \ sum;];Y)
smudÓpeq p,*s;mgÓI egez bŸ shsÓ;Ý /er. cInà
a;rbà p;rs* \ E¤er;epr aenk pirbÓ;jekr el%;et\ AE ¤eö%
a;ez. sMpÓit ‡jr;etr el;q;l n;em Aki$ j;Yg;Y pÓ;Y zÛh;j;r
bzr a;eg inimRt pOiqbIr sbeceY b‹ @Ó;E
@k¿ (dry dock)
a;ib:kOt heYez.
smudÓpeq y;t;Y;etr i&i¼et E¤er;ep &;rtIY &;W;à
s;iht*à /mRà dxRn Et*;id j;nb;r \ eb;Zb;r ecê; ey bŸ
bzr /er heY a;sez es kq; a;mr; j;in. ib%*;t &;rtibd¿ g;E sr¿m*;n¿
(Guy Sorman) t-;r sd*pÓk;ixt
Úid ijinY;s¿ af Ei¹Y;Û n;mk gÓeNh belezn "
yid\ &;rtek eb;Zb;r ecê; bŸ shsÓ;Ý /er bŸb;r
heYezà gt a;‹;E h;j;r bzer
Indomania
b; &;rtek j;nb;r a;k;×;r mh;tr^ ¤e#ez
c;rb;r. pÓqm mh;tr^ \e# smÓ;$ aex;ekr smY y%n gÓIkà
imxrIYà ihbÓ³ \ a;rb /mRt;i¼Bk \ d;xRinkedr se^ icNt;
\ +;n ibinmeYr jen* smÓ;$ aex;k jlpeq piXcm AixY;à ¤¼r
a;ifÓk; \ di=, E¤er;ep keYk xÛ x;S]+ eboä i&=uk
p;i#eYizeln. ArE fel eboä/;imRk \ s;m;ijk icNt;/;r; %ÓIê;n
/emR \ /mRgÓeNh aenk%;in pÓitfilt heYez.
idBtIY mh;tr^ \e# aê;dx xt;ÝIet E¤er;pIYà ibexW ker
fr;sI d;xRinkedr me/*à Aki$ ibexW smeYà y;ek d;xRink Eith;es
The
Period of Enlightenment n;em ai&iht kr; hY.
AE smeY &;retr puer;en; \ smOä /mRt;i¼Bk \ d;xRink icNt;/;r;
ibxd&;eb anu/;bn ker d;xRink &l¿e$Y;r
(1694ú1778)
belizelnà 'The whole earth
needs India. India alone needs no one.' ex;epnh;\Y;r
(Schopenhauer) \
nI$ex\ (Nietzsche)
AE ibWeY icNt; \ gebW,; ker keYki$ s;rg&R puStk ile% egezn.
ib'x xt;ÝIr tOtIY dxek a;es tOtIY mh;tr^ y%n er-;m;
er-;l; (Romain
Rolland), mh;tÎ;
g;N/Ià r;mkO‚
prmh's \ Sb;mI ibebk;neNdr \pr t-;r aibSÎr,IY gÓNhki$ rcn; kern.
g;E sr¿m*;n¿ beleznà 'The central
theme of these works - the efficacy of non-violence, the respect for cultural
diversity, the need to change oneself as a prelude to changing the world found
favourable echoes in the feminist and ecological movements in the west; later
there were similar echoes in the anti- Vietnam War protests and cultural activities
around the globe.'
Indomania r ctuqR mh;tr^i$ bEez A%n Ab' E¤er;p
\ piXcemr an*;n* edex t; yeqê c;÷el*r sOiê kerez. sr¿m*;enr
metà 'Despite its abysmal
poverty, its communal and cast strife, Indian democracy, India's carefully calibrated
economic reforms, India's IT exuberance and he resurgence of Indian popular and
classical culture, including literature, music, yoga, ayurveda, vegetarianism,
pranayama, dance, cinema, food, and fashion; are attracting the attention of
the West as never before. The West detects in the Indian experience answers
to some questions raised by the West's material success.'
pUebR \ piXcem itni$ mh;edexr se^ smudÓpeq
&;retr bŸ h;j;r bzr /er kOiê \ bi,j* sMpekRr pÓm;, ±
mh;edx‡el;etE zi‹eY a;ez. %ÓIêpUbR itn h;j;r bzr a;eg
inimRt ¤r¿ (Ur) Ab'
smÓ;$ enbuk;@¿enj;err (Nebuchadnezzar)
pÓ;s;ed ey k;e#r t¼²; \ q;m p;\Y;
egez t; eh;l &;rtIY $Ik \ edbd;• g;ezr ‡-i‹ eqek inimRt.
ihbÓ³ &;W;Y b-;drek ek;f (s'SkOt
kip)
\ mYUrek $uiK (t;iml e$;g;E)
bel. gÓIk \ l*;i$n &;W;Y &;rtIY xeÝr abd;n a;irj (rice-
t;iml a;iribÓ)à
Aemr;L@ (emerald- s'SkOt
mrkt)à
ebirl (beryl- s'SkOt
wbduyR) ij¢;r
(ginger- s'SkOt
sO^e&r;)à
epè;r (pepper- s'SkOt
ipèil)à
sug;r (sugar- s'SkOt
xkRr;) \
k$n (cotton- s'SkOt
k;pR;s).
s'SkOet gÓIk &;W;r d;n hora
(hr aqR;_ `N$;)à
ekNdÓà ek;,à su‹^à kMpn (k*;Mp
b; ixibr aeqR) \
klm. gÓIk xÝ a;lmug (s'SkOt
bLgu aqR;_ cNdn)à
Ab' es;f;r; (muÁEeYr
k;ez sup;r; bNderr n;m eqek)
± edexr $;Y;r r;ej*r r;j; ihrm dB;r; a;md;nIkOt.
ptRugIj &;W; eqek ihiNdà b;°l; \ an*;n* &;rtIY &;W;Y
keYk h;j;r xÝ Aesez y;r me/* an*tm a;c;rà a;n;ns(a;n;rs)à
b;iL$ (b;lit)à
ibSku$à eb;t;mà inl;mà mmRrà emjà ikd;r;
(ekd;r;)à
pg;r (m;Een)à
m;sk;b;rà igjR;à t;l;à c;ibà j;n;l; Et*;id.
¨egBed p;\Y; y;Y smudÓedbt; b•,edebr n;m y-;r a;xIbR;d z;‹;
smudÓy;];Y y;\Y; inr;pd men kr; ht n;. a;j\ b•,edebr a;xIbR;d s;r;
&;ret smudÓibh;erà smudÓyueä b; ntun j;h;j jel
&;s;en;r smY pÓ;qRn; kr; hY. Sb;/Int;r pr Sb;/In &;retr enob;ihnIr
jen* Aki$ ntun e½S$ (crest)
b; b*;j pirkiLpt hY 1948 s;el y;r
jen* t%nk;r &;rtIY g&Rnr ejn;erl xÓI is.
r;j;eg;p;lc;ir ¨egBd eqek Aki$ pÓ;qRn; ebez ednà
Úxm¿ en; b•,"Û aqR;_ eh smudÓ edbt; b•,à
et;m;r a;xIbR;d eyn inrNtr p;E.Û
¨egBd eqek p;#kedr jen* a;r\ Aki$ s;muidÓk pÓ;qRn; ¤äOt
kir "
ÚidBeW; en; ibXbet;mu%;it n;ebb p;rY.
s n" isN/uimb n;bY;it pWR; SbSteY..
(eh prm;tÎ;à
tuim ibeXbr sbRidek mu% `uireY r;e%;;
x]³ek t;r jly;en smuedÓr apr p;er ep-oez idgeNtr se^ iblIn ker d;\;
a;m;edr trIek ibx;l x;iNtr smudÓ p;r ker pu,* \ smOiär edex ep-oez
d;\.)
aqbR ebed a;ez enok; \ j;h;j inmR;e,r kq; y;r e%;l
izl pÓxStà m;Stul ¤µt \ mjbut Ab' g#n s;muidÓk
Z‹ s;ml;en;r jen* p;k;. r;m;Ye, ¤eö% p;E s;muidÓk b;i,ej*r
kq; el;iht s;gerr se^ \ a;er; Ak edexr se^ ey edex Úep;k; eqek erxmI
suet; eber;YÛ (cIn).
mh;&;ret p;¹bedr ibx;l enob;ihnIr dI`R b,Rn; reYez. bO= a;YuebRed a;ez
j;h;j inmR;e,r ibxd ibbr,.
sMpÓit Ee¹;enixY; ˜me, j;k;tR;à b;il Ab' a;er; keYki$
j;Yg;Y igeY a;im ai&&Ut heY pe‹izl;m ± Es¿l;imk edex
&;rtIY s'SkOitr pÓ&;b ede%. ebx&UW;Yà s;ihet*à
nOet*à s^Ietà &;W;Yà n;em \ s;m;ijk rIitnIitet \edex
&;rtIY s'SkOitr pÓit/Bin p;\Y; y;Y sb j;Yg;Y sbR Ster. \-edr r;m;Y,
nOt*n;i$k; b; &;rtIY n;emr b*bh;r a;m;edr a;XcyR ker edY. Ee¹;enixY
b;h;s;Y (aqR;_
&;W;Y) S]Iel;k
hl Úbi,t;Ûà emeYedr Skul Úkn*; ibd*;lYÛ a;r
absrpÓ;Pt wsinkedr a;b;s ÚbOd ey;d gÓhÛ aqR;_ bOä
ey;ä; gOh (Old Soldiers' Home).
j;k;tR;r sbeceY be‹; p-;cm;q; r;St;r eg;lcKer ed%ebn \edr j;tIY mnuemN$ú
pÓSter e%;d;E ibr;$ a;k;err s;ti$ e`;‹;Y $;n; req mh;&;retr
ajRun \ xÓIkO‚. kO‚;jRuenr At be‹; \ suNdr SÎ;rk
&;ret ek;q;\ enE. A edexr muslm;n emeYedr n;em p;ebn p;bRtIà inmRl;à
aPsr;à rità edbIà Amin aenk ihNdu n;m. A%;nk;r r;êÓpit
a;Ýur rhm;n \Y;ihedr S]Ir n;m sI¹; aqR;_ sIt;. ¤pr;êÓpitr
n;m em`;btI suk,Rpu]I.
Ee¹;enixY;r wb+;inkedr pirkiLpt ¤e‹;j;h;j dui$r n;m aj;tx]³
\ `e$;_kc. r=; mN];leYr (n;m
yä gOh) ibr;$
dPterr b;Eerr ed\Y;el dx fu$ ¤-cu a=er e%;d;E kr; a;ez &;rtIY dxRenr
mmRkq;ú ctu/mRà Ak kmR. Ak$u AigeY ed%et p;ebn eSp;$Rs mN];lYà
n;m ½I‹; &i¼³.
Ee¹;enixY;r ¤-cu pyR;eYr mudÓ; b; en;e$ p;ebn ge,exr pÓitkOit.
r;êÓpit &benr s;men ed%ebn Aki$ aitk;Y ge,exr mUi¼R.
pÓ;Y sb a|;ilk;r pÓebx peqr dup;ex ed%; y;eb dui$ ibx;l pÓSterr
dB;rp;l. im¤ijY;em igeY ed%un ihNdu \ eboä¯ r;j;à
‡•
\ edbedbIr eml;ú buäà aex;kà ixbà p;bRtIà
ib‚uà dugR;à ibe`«Xbrà bÓ†;edb Et*;id.
The Times of India r
sMp;dk xÓIidlIp p‹g-;\k;r sMpÓit j;k;tR;r r;êÓpit
\Y;ihedr se^ s;=;_k;el &;rtIY s'SkOitr pÓ&;b sÁeN/
ikzu a;el;cn; kerizeln . r;êÓpit \Y;ihd t-;ek blelnà
Úa;medr edex pÓit Sterà pÓit s'g#enà s;m;ijk
rIitet &;rtIY s'SkOitr pÓ&;b ibStOt. mh;&;rtà gIt;à
¤pinWdà ebd \ ibexW&;eb r;m;Y, pÓ;Y sb;E pe‹n.Û
¤in a;er; blelnà Úr;m;Ye, a;m;r sbeceY ipÓY cir]
hl kuÅk,R iyin t-;r edxek pÓ;,;i/k &;lb;setnà ikNtu t-;r
˜;t;r k;¹k;r%;n; ede% `uemr &;n ker pe‹ q;ketn. ikNtu edexr
y%n e`;r ibpd ed%; idl t%n itin yuäe=e] igeY mh;pr;½m edi%eY mOtubr,
kreln. AE et; prm bIrÞÛ edx sÁeN/ a;el;cn; k;el ¤in
blelnà 'We share the idea
of Kumbhakarna as the defender and the saviour of the just.'
h;j;r h;j;r bzerr smudÓpeq &;rtIY s;'SkOitk \ d;xRink ai&y;enr
Ai$ AE pÓ&;ebr prm rm,IY indxRn.
a;m;edr s;muidÓk Eith;esr a;er; aenk kq;à aenk `$n; n;n;n j;Yg;Y
a;ez y; h;ireY y;\Y; p-uiq \ teq* ed%et p;\Y; y;Y. t;r keYki$ hl"
1. ]eY;dx xt;ÝIr pirbÓ;jk m;ekR; ep;el; t-;r @;eYrIet ile% egezn
eyà t%n &;ret inimRt j;h;ej q;ket; c;ri$ m;Stulà ec;âi$
\Y;$;r$;E$¿ kMp;$R¿emN$¿à W;$i$ ekibn \ dxi$ l;Ef¿eb;$¿
\ e½n¿. ctudRx xt;ÝIet E$;ilY;n pirbÓ;jk fÓ;Y;r
\e@;irk (Friar Odoric) &;ret
ede% egezn 100 $enr j;h;j y; 700 y;]I bhn kret p;ret;. eW;‹x xt;ÝIet
Et;lIY pirbÓ;jk isj;r i@ efÓ@¿iric (Cesare
di Fredrici) ile%ezn eyà es smY &;ret
%ub ep;¼² j;h;j wtrI ht Ab' esjen* tuekRr sult;n aenk m;lb;hI \
enob;ihnIr j;h;j !;k;Y wtrI kireY smudÓpeq tuekR ineY eyetn. em;gl a;mel
mg \ ifiri^ jlds*uedr a;½m, eqek r;j* b-;c;b;r jen*à p,*b*bs;eYr
jen* \ hjy;]Iedr mK;Y p;#;en;r jen* j;h;j wtrI ht !;k;Yà xÓIngerà
l;eh;er \ sur;et. pÓqm itni$ j;Yg; eqek j;h;j ndIpeq smuedÓ ineY
y;\Y; ht.
2. %ÓIêpUbR tOtIY dxek smÓ;$ cNdÓ‡Pt emoeyRr
a;mel Aki$ n;\ pirWd b; naval headquarters
izl y;r k,R/;r izeln Akjn n;\ a/*= (Admiral).
3. 1775 s;el m;] 16 bzr bYes im@¿ixpm*;n (per
a*;@¿imr;l l@R) enl¿sn¿
l@R eni&r is hsR (Sea Horse).
j;h;ej j;&; y;\Y;r peq mum¿b;E a;esn \ per esE j;h;ejE ek;lk;t; y;n.
keYk m;s b;ed ek;lk;t; eqek @l¿ifn (Dolphin)
j;h;ej itin ibelt ifer y;n.
4. &;rtIY enoesn; b;ihnIet pÓqm &;rtIY kimxn@¿ aifs;r
izeln xÓI i@.An.mu%;jIR
iyin 1928 s;el enoesn;r Ei¢inY;ir' x;%;r s;b¿úelf¿e$n*;N$¿
(Sub-Lieutenant)
heY &itR hn Ab' ciöexr dxek k*;eP$n ped absr enn. 1946 s;el reYl Ei¹Y;n
eni&et n;ibkr; ibedÓ;h ker Sb;/Int;r ey d;m;m; b;ijeYizlà
esE ibedÓ;ehr ent; \ puer;/; izeln Akjn b;°;lI n;ibk. ili@' isg¿n*;lm*;n
(Leading Signalman)
xÓI ib.is.
d¼. Ein per ib+;penr jget aenk ¤µit kern Ab' btRm;en muÁEeYr
k;ez Aki$ Úa;dxR pöIÛ Sh;pn ker sm;j esb;Y bÓtI a;ezn.
5. keYk shsÓ;Ý a;eg pUbR &;retr ec;l;à p;i¹Y;à
ecr; Et*;id b'exr r;j;r; kil^ \ etel‡r; Ab' piXcm ¤pkUelr ‡jr;tà
ek;én \ ekr;l;r ai/b;sIr; s;'SkOitk \ keYki$ e=e] s;mirk ai&y;n c;ileYizeln
pUebR m;leYixY;à x*;mà sum;];à j;&;à bmR;à
q;El*;¹à k;MpuicY;à ifilipn¿s¿ Ab' a;er; keYki$
edexà piXcmà pUbR \ ¤¼r a;ifÓk;Yà
piXcm AixY;r \ di=, E¤er;epr keYki$ j;Yg;Y.
6. sPtm xt;ÝIr pÓqm dxek ‡jr;etr Akjn r;j; t-;r pu]ek 100i$
j;h;ej keYk h;j;r wsinkà ixLpIà ikW;nà icik_skà
puer;ihtà k;irgrà el%k Et*;idr s;eq k;MpuicY;Y p;#;n.
A-r; esedex Aki$ ntun s&*t; \ kOiê Sh;pn kern. a;r A-edrE
abd;n eb;er;buduer miNdr y;r Sh;pt*wxlI \ k;•k;eyRr ¤_keWRr %*;it
a;j\ ibXbej;‹;.
7. 1857 s;elr isp;hI ibedÓ;ehr smY rY*;l Ei¹Y;n eni&r keYki$
j;h;j eqek ebx keYki$ ibx;l k;m;n keYki$ em;$r
eb;e$ n;m;en; hYà
t;rpr esE em;$r eb;$‡il g^; \ ymun; (ndI
dui$ t%n aenk g&Ir izl) ndIpeq
idöIr `;e$r k;ez a;n; hY. \E k;m;n‡ilr
eg;l;Y idöI sherr ibr;$ ibr;$ eloh \ p[Str inimRt kp;$ Ab' ed\Y;l
e&e^ ibedÓ;hIedr dmn kr; heYizl. AE %¹yueä bIrtB ed%;en;r
jn* enob;ihnIr dui$ aifs;rú im@¿ixp¿m*;n¿ emeY;
(Midshipman Mayo) \
a*;iš' m;S$;r icekn¿ (Acting
Master Chiken) ek i&eš;irY; ½x (Victoria
Cross) pdek &UiWt kr; heYizl.
8. g^;jl dUW, ineY aenk wb+;ink anusN/;n \ a;el;cn; clez bŸ bzr /er.
ikNtu g^;jelr dui$ pÓkOitr kq; %ubE km el;k j;enn. pÓqmt"
200 bzr a;eg y%n sueYj pÓ,;lI izl n; t%n j;h;ej Ai¢enr b*bh;r pÓcilt
hY inà t;E j;h;j p;elE clet;. esEsmY E¤er;p eqek a;sb;r smY j;h;ej
en\Y; %;b;r jl s;t a;$ idenE %;r;p heY eyet;. esE jen* pÓit bNder ep-oez
$*;é %;il ker a;b;r jl &ret het;. ikNtu ek;lk;t; eqek efr;r peq ey
jl en\Y; ht t; il&;rpul ep-oz;en; pyRNt Aekb;er i#k q;ket;à t;r k;r,
t; izl g^;jl.
AE pÓse^ a;r\ Aki$ `$n;r ¤eö% kr; eyet p;er. jYpuerr isi$
p*;eles s;\Y;E m;n is' im¤ijY;em dui$ erop*inimRt jl;/;r a;ez y;r pÓiti$r
\jn 365 ekij Ab' t;et jl /er 900 il$;r iheseb. jYpuerr mh;r;j; s;\Y;E m;n is'
1902 s;el ±rkm itni$ p;e] p;n kr; \ h;tmu% e/;Y;r jn* g^;jl &er E¤er;p
sfer r\n; hn. hirdB;r eqek g^;jl &er p;]‡el;ek muÁE eqek j;h;jey;eg
E'l*;¹ ineY y;\Y; hY. a;rb s;gr p;r h\Y;r smY Ar Aki$ smudÓedbt;
b•,edebr ¤eâex* ¤_sgR ker smeudÓ @uibeY ed\Y;
hel\ b;ik dui$r jl e$Ón \ j;h;ej y;t;Y;etr smY Ab' E'l*;e¹ mh;r;ejr
ed‹ m;s q;k;k;el b*bh;r kr; heYizl.
s;\Y;E m;n is' %ub r=,xIl \ /;imRk pÓkOitr m;nuW izeln. t;E E¤er;pIYedr
se^ Amnik smÓ;$ p÷m jejRr se^ krmdRn ker\ g^;jel h;t /ueY xrIr
eqek emCz s'SpxR dUr kretn. em;$ pÓ;Y c;rm;s /er ± jl b*bh;r
h\Y; se¼B\ t; ibNdum;] %;r;p hYinú y; g^;jelr m;h;tÎ*ek
pun"pÓitiët ker.
igens¿ buk af \Y;L@R erk@Rs¿ anuy;YI ± p;]‡il pOiqbIr
sbRbOh_ erop*inimRt jl;/;r y; wtrI kerizeln dujn erop*k;r eg;ibNd n;r;Y, \ mh;edb
Ab' wtrI kret smY elegizl pÓ;Y itn bzr. A s'b;d pirebxn kerezn s\Y;E
m;n is' im¤ijY;emr @;Eeršr xÓI yduebNdÓ is'.
idBtIYt" smuedÓ q;k;k;lIn ey ek;en; j;h;ejr e%;elr nIec jl eqek
¤ãut Ak /re,r sU=Î pÓ;,Iú p*;é$n
(plankton)
j;h;ejr g;eY eleg eyet q;ek. keYk m;esE AE p*;é$nú Ar pÓelpi$
a;$ nY Ei÷ pu• \ %ubE a;#;el; heY y;Yà fel j;h;ejr git aenk$;
hÓ;s epet q;ek. AEjen* pÓit zm;s aNtr j;h;jek @Ó;E @ek
!uikeY t;r jl b;r ker tl;$; pir:k;r kret hY y; ebx smYà xÓm \
%rc s;ep=. ikNtu
%ubE a;XceyRr ibWY eyà ek;en; klk;t;g;mI j;h;j s;grdBIp
heY ŸglI ndI ideY i%idrpuer ep-oz;et
ep-oz;etE esE p*;é$n pÓelp
t; es ytE pu• eh;k n; eknà Aekb;er gel y;Y Ab' j;h;ejr tl; a;pn;a;pin
pir:k;r heY y;Y. Ai$ g^;jelr a;erk m;h;tÎ*Þ
p;let;l; j;h;ejr yueg ibd*uetr a&;eb AY;rki¹xn@¿ ekibn et; izl
n;. t;E
il&;rpul eqek j;h;j di=,pUebR muÁ;E b; klk;t;Y y%n a;set; t%n j;h;ejr
b-;idek b; ep;$R s;Ee@r (Port side)
aep=;kOt #;¹; ekibn buk krb;r smY irj;e&Rxn
femR ek;n¿idek ekibn c;E j;n;et il%et het;ú portside
during the outward journey and starboard side during homeward journey. AE
el%;i$ per ez;$ ker el%; ht port
outwards starboard home-wards a;er; per a;er; s'e=ep
el%; ht p.o.s.h
Ab' AE eqekE E'irij posh
kq;i$ gi#t b; ¤ãut heYez.
pÓqm idek rY*;l Ei¹Y;n eni&r ebixr &;g n;ibkE izl eg;r;.
p;let;l; j;h;ej t;edr wdink br;â izl keYk mg jl º/u %;b;r \ mu% e/;b;r
jen*à j;h;ej S©;n krb;r ek;n pÓx«E izl n;. i]x ciöx
idn smuedÓ k;i$eY j;h;j y%n bNder pÓebx kret; t%n pÓqemE
@;k p‹et; n;iptedrú e=orkmR \ m;q;Y ceMp; aqR;_
m;ilx \ e/;l;EeYr jen* eg;r; n;ibkedr ¤Cc;r, ibkOitet
AE ÚceMp;EÛ x*;Mpuet (shampoo)
pir,t heYez.
mh;r;eêÓr beÁ @;k (Bombay
Duck) º-$ik m;z at*Nt ¤p;edY \ s;r; pOiqbIet
c;l;n y;Y. AE m;zi$r m;r;#I &;W;Y n;m b¿mi@l;à E'erjedr ¤Cc;re,
ibkOitet
a;j bm¿i@l; Bombay Duckú
A pir,t heYez .
ecê; n; kerE h#;_ ikzu a;ib:k;r krb;r =mt;ek E'erjIet bel serendipity.
sudUr pÓ;ec* mxl;r sN/;en y;b;r peq E¤er;pIYr; is'hl dBIp
h#;_E a;ib:k;r kerizl. is'hl dBIp n;m ¤Cc;r, kret n; eper t;r; AE dBIpi$ek
n;m edY Serendip
Ab' Ar eqekE serendipity
xÝi$ ¤ãut heYez. 1754 s;el el%k
Horace Walpole Aki$
ib%*;t ¤pn*;s ele%nà n;m The
Three Princes of Serendip.
E'erj a;mel s;ehbr; Úek;E h*;YÛ(qui
hi) bel @;kelE c;krà d;sIà a;Y;úr;à edoe‹
a;st bel ktR;r; Úek;E
h*;YÛ Ar m;en /er ineYizeln &Ot*. AE&;ebE \r; beNd;bSt bundobast,
ek;mrbN/¯ek
cummerband,
Et*;id blet º• ker.
E'erij &;W;Y &;rtIY &;W; aNt&Rui¼²r Aki$ suNdr dOê;Nt
p;E AE dui$ &;W;r bŸl imxÓe,r séln Hobson
Jobson ai&/;en (AE
n;mi$ EY; h;s;n EY; Ÿesenr E'irijkOt –p)
" Returning
to her bungalow (ihiNd ú b;'l;)à
she threw her calico (m;lY;lm
úk;ilk$ aqR;_ ek;r; em;$; sutIr k;p‹. &;eSk; @; g;m; 1492 s;el
k;ilke$ en;°r efelizeln) coat
on the teak (m;l;Y;lmú e$K;)
table and put on her gingham (m;l;Y;lmú ij^*;m
aqR;_ tuel;Y eb;n; imih k;p‹)
apron. There was the tea caddy (m;l;Y;lm ú
k;i| aqR;_ c;eYr b;„) to fill,
the chutney (ihiNd ú c;$in)
to prepare for the curry (t;iml ú k;i‹),
pepper (s'SkOt ú ipèil),
mulligatawny (t;imlúmulgútiµúaqR;_
eg;lmirecr jl) soup and cheroots
(t;imlúº•|u)
to order from the bazar (ihiNdúb;j;r).
She would give the ayah (A*;'el;Ei¹Y;núiZ)
a chit (b;'l;úici#).
The children were out in the dinghy (ihiNdúi@i^)
and the khaki (¤dRu ú%;k aqR;_ /uel;)
dungarees (ihiNd @;'ir aqR;_ i!el p*;N$)
were sure to be wet. She needed to apply gingili (ihiNd
ú iji]il b; itl) oil to her
hair after a shampoo (ihiNd ú ceMp;),
she still had to send her husband's pyjamas (ihiNd
ú p;j;m;) to the dhobi
(ihiNd ú e/;ib),
and she never had finished those chintz (ihiNd ú
ic$ b; iz$) hangings for the verandah
(ihiNdúb;r;Nd;).
But first puttuing on a shawl (¤dRuúxl)
around her shoulders, she poured her husband a punch (ihiNdúp-;c
aqR;_ p-;ci$ dÓeb*r imxÓ, ú sur;à du/à elbur
rsà icin \ mxl;).
1612 s;elr 5E eseP$Ár pÓqm ey ibÓi$x j;h;ji$ &;ret
ep-oz;Y \ sur;$ bNder pÓebx ker esE j;h;ejr k,R/;r k*;eP$n ¤EilY;m
hikNs a;gÓ;Y em;gl smÓ;e$r drb;er pÓqm b;r AE p-;ecr Sb;d
epeY em;iht heY Ar n;m ere%izeln punch.
'History' xÝi$r ¤[_pi¼ heYez
bŸ h;j;r bzr a;eg gÓIk xÝ 'histor'
eqek y;r aqR izl 'knowledge
and judgement' aqR;_ +;n \ ibc;r. per l*;i$n xÝ
'historia' Aet
a;er; Aki$ aqR ey;g ker 'narration'
b; b,R,. ikNtu Atidn /er ey Eith;s Skuel b; kelej
p;#* iheseb b*bh;r kr; heY a;sez gt duex; bzr /er t;et s;/;r, m;nueWr kq; sMpU,R&;eb
pirt*;g ker º/u r;j; b;dx;ehr jnÎà ibb;hà mOt*uà
pirb;rà yäibgÓhà jYà pr;jY Et*;id z;‹;
a;r ikzuE etmn p;\Y; y;Y n;. t;E a;j s;r; pOiqbImY a;/uink Eith;sek e!el s;ijeY
m;nueWr s;m;ijk jIben ix=;à sm;jb*bSh;à &;W;à kOiêà
Sb;Sh*à ixLp Et*;idr ½mibbtRn ineY ccR; º• heYez. a;m;edr
s;muidÓk Eith;es\ AE rkm pirbtRenr pÓeY;jn. men r;%et heb Ai$ historiography aqR;_
wb+;ink i&i¼et Eith;s el%b;r yugà
hagiography b; b*i¼²i&i¼k
¤p;%*;n el%b;r nY. m;nb s&*t;Y &;retr
abd;n kt%;in t; ineY inribiCzµ anusN/;n pÓeY;jn Ab' n;girkedr
s;men es st* ¤d¿`;i$t h\Y;r me/*E Eith;esr s;qRkt;.
tq*sU] "
1. A S$;i@ af ihiS$Ó úa;rnL@¿ $eYn¿ib
2. id ihiS$Ó af isi&l;Eejxn ú ¤El \ AireYl @ur*;N$
3. Ei¹Y; a*;¹ id Ei¹Y;n \xn ú sdR;r ek.Am.
p;inKr
4. id Ei¹Y;n \xn ú A*;l;n i&ilY;sR¿
5. A ihiS$Ó af Ei¹Y;n ixip' ú r;/;kumud mue%;p;/*;Y
6. A ihiS$Ó af id Ei¹Y;n eni& ú km;¹;r jjR \Y;k;r
7. $;Ems¿ af Ei¹Y;Y pÓk;ixt sMp;dk idlIp p‹g-;\krúAr
keyki$ s;MpÓitk rcn;
8. el%ekr a;¹;r $u An¿isns¿à irs;cR epp;rà
men;gÓ;f \ gt i]x bzerr el%; pÓk;ixt rcn;
|
