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mUl
ihiNd eqek rÌp;Ntr " @" rm;pit it\Y;rI
A %ubE Sb;&;ibk
ey edexr Sb;/Int;r sub,R jYNtIr pirepÓi=et ibgt 50 bzer &;rtIY sm;ejr ibi&µ
¤pli™r sm;Ntr;el j;tIY s;ihit*k ¤plib¯r\ punmRUl*;Yn heb. yid º/u kibt;r
sIm;n;Y AE ¤plib¯ \ mUl*;Yenr ecê; kr; y;Y teb es e=e] º/u ihiNd &;W;r
¤eö%E yeqê nY bel men hY. teb a;m;edr mSt suib/; hl ey a;mr; Ak$; pÓ/;n
&;W;r kibt;r a;el;cn;r m;/*em a;/uink &;rtIY kibt;r cir] \ l=e,r ikzu ¤d;hr,
tuel /ret p;riz.
ihiNd kibt;r ey Sb–p 1947 s;el btRm;n izlà t;r ibStI,R a-;/;r ¤¼rz;Y;b;dà
pÓgitb;d Ab' pÓeY;gb;edr prMpr;r ¤pr i&i¼ ker inimRt. z;Y;b;dI kibt;Y
1930 s;elr k;z;k;iz b;Stbb;dI eZ-;k ed%; ideYizl. Ar pÓiti½Y; m;nueWr men ey
ibedÓ;ehr b*¢n; aéuirt hl t;ek ¤¼rz;Y;b;d bl; hY. idnkr a;r bCcn AE k;b*/;r;r
pÓitini/ kib bel pirict. idnkr r;jwnitk l‹;EeYr se^ se^ t;r kibt;Y pÓk;x
kerizeln a;qRús;m;ijk Sb;/Int;r jn* g, a;eNd;lnà a;r bCcn z;Y;b;edr in:k;m
esoNdyR a;r epÓemr j;yg;Y S]Iúpu•eWr shj pÓkOt sMpd Ab' &;eb;÷ xrIrI
epÓemr Sh;n ker idiCzeln. ¤¼r z;Y;b;dI kibt;Y ed%; y;Y kOWkúxÓimekr –ep
s;/;r, m;nueWr pÓebx. a;r ArE s;eq s;et injSb su% du"%à epÓm ai&b*i¼²r
e%;l;%uil bih"pÓk;x. AsmeY Ar eceY\ b‹ ey ijins$; heYizl t; hlà t_sm/mIR
Ab' sU=Î s;'ekitk ai&j;t &;W;r pirbetR tãbbl jn&;W;Y kibt;r sOjn.
¤¼rz;Y;b;dI kibr; nIr;l; Ab' pNq Ar met; mh;n z;Y;b;dI kibedr smqRn\ epeYizeln.
nIr;l;jI º• eqekE ai&j;t Ab' s;/;r, &;W;r prSpr i&µ/mIR pÓeY;g
kerezn.
m;kRsb;dI ibc;r /;r;r ½mb/Rm;n pÓ&;ebr pÓitfln
ed%; y;Y E¤er;epr ibi&µ edexr s;ihit*ekr rcn;r me/*. anu–p &;b/;r;
&;rtbeWRr s;ihit*kedr me/*\ Aes igeYizl. 1936 s;el epÓmc-;edr s&;pitetB
a;eY;ijt pÓgitxIl el%kedr pÓqm ai/ebxn a;/uink &;rtIY s;ihet*r Eith;esr Ak$;
pÓ/;n `$n; ihs;eb g,* kr; eyet p;er. AE ai/ebxenr pÓ&;b an* &;W;r mt
ihiNd s;ihet*r ¤pr g&Ir&;eb pe‹izl.
flSb–p pÓgitxIl s;ihet*r n;em exÓ,I s'gÓ;mà kOWkúmjur jIbnà a;iqRk wbWm*à
pÓ;cIn ibc;r /;r;r a;el;cn; pÓ&Oitr pÓk;x `$et a;rÅ krl. kibt; sMpekR ¤eö%
kr; eyet p;er ey pÓgitb;edr pÓt*= iber;/ izl z;Y;b;edr b*i¼²ekiNdÓk cire]r
se^. AE k;b* a;eNd;lenr mu%* kib izeln n;g;jRunà i]el;cn Ab' ekd;rn;q a;gr\Y;l;.
1943 s;el ÚÚt;r sPtkÛÛ n;em s;tjn kibr Ak rcn;
s'kln pÓk;ixt hY. AE s'klenr sMp;dk ae+Y. kibedr me/* izeln gj;nNd m;/b mui¼²eb;/à
enimcNd wjnà &;rt&UW, a;gr\Y;là pÓ&;kr m;ceYà igirj; kum;r m;qurà
r;mibl;s xmR; Ab' siCcd;nNd hIr;nNd b;_s;Yn ae+Y. ae+Y per 1951 s;el ÚÚdusr;
sPtkÛÛ pÓk;x kern. 1943 eqek º• ker 1952ú53 abi/ ihiNd kibt;r Ak$; yugek
pÓeY;gb;d iheseb emen en\Y; heYez. ntun Sb;edr kibt;r a;Nd;lenr m/* ideY pÓeY;gb;edr
ibSt;r hlà Ak SbtN] /;r; –ep Al;h;b;d eqek pÓk;ixt ÚnŠ kibt;;Û(1954)
pi]k;Y a;r ntun kibt;r p;qRk* ineY ibSt;irt pÓbN/ pÓk;ixt hl. pÓk;x epl /mRbIr
&;rtIà sebRSbr dY;l s;e„n;à jgdIx ‡ePtr mt ntun kibedr rcn;. ÚÚnŠ
kibt;;ÛÛ r keYkjn kib AE kibt;ek pÓeY;gb;edr pÓiti½Y; bel ai&iht kerezn.
ÚÚnŠ kibt;;ÛÛ Sb;/Int;r prbtIR men;bOi¼r seˆg pÓt*= &;eb ji‹t. Ar
me/* s;/;r, m;nueWr em;h&ˆg Ab' a;e½;exr ai&b*i¼²r pÓk;x ed%; y;Y.
AE eg;ëIr kibr; t;edr rcn;Y pirbtRnxIl s;m;ijk b;Stb tuel /r;r ecê; kerezn.
pirbitRt piriShitr me/* wnitk mUel*r mUl*;Yn kret eceYezn ¤eö%ey;g* kibedr
me/* a;eznà /mRbIr &;rtIà sebRxBr dY;l s;e„n;à k-u\r n;r;Y,à ibjYedb
n;r;Y, s;hIà ekd;rn;q is'hà aex;k b;jepYI pÓ&Oit.
1960 s;elr pr ihiNd &;W;Y akibt;à an*q;b;d pÓ&Oit
n;n;n /renr k;b* a;eNd;ln heYez. AE /;r;r kibedr ¤eâx* izl kibt; eqek xIlà
axIelr p;qRk* `uiceY ed\Y;ß seˆg seˆg ai&b*;i¼²r pU,R pÓk;x izl
t-;edr an*tm l=*. AE a;eNd;lnek mUlt Úakibt;Ûr a;eNd;ln iheseb g,* kr; eyet
p;er. Úakibt;Ûr kibedr me/* sbeceY ¤eö%ey;g* heln r;jkml eco/urIà jgdIx
ctuebRdI Ab' esoim] em;hn. 1960ú70 pyRNt rict kibt; W;e$;¼rI kibt; bel ¤iöi%t.
smY$; ihiNd k;b* prMpr;r Aki$ ibexW a/*;Y heY reY egez. 1970 s;elr per ihiNd
kibt;Y b;mpNhI &;b/;r;r punr;gmn hl. AsmYk;r kibedr me/* n;g;jRunà elcn Ab'
mui¼²eb;/ rcn;xIlt;r ekeNdÓ izeln bl; y;Y.
b;mpNqI kibt;r AE prMpr;r prbtRI kibedr me/* Aki$ ¤ÕBl n;m Ú/UimlÛ. btRm;n
b*bSh;r tIbÓ sm;el;cn; Ab' a;pn icNt;/;r; srl Ab' e%;l;%uil &;W;Y jnsme=
h;ijr kr; /Uimelr kibt;r Ak ibexW l=,.
btRm;n k;elr k;b* /;r;Y sbeceY ebix i½Y;xIl ÚÚjnb;dIÛÛ kibt;. ibgt keYk
dxek b;mpNhI ibc;r /;r;Y ey mte&d Ab' ib&;jn pirli=t hYà kibt;r e=e]
esE ib&;jn ÚpÓgitb;dIÛ Ab' Újnb;dIÛ AE duE&;eg ib&¼² heY y;Y.
kum;erNdÓ perx n;q is'à ibejNdÓà a;el;k /;en;Y;à +;enNdÓpit pÓmu% +;nb;dI
kib ntun Sb;edr kibt; il%et q;eknú fel rcn;r /;r; y;Y p;eL$. btRm;n dxek dilt
kibt;r ¤pr ey ccR; º• heYezú rmink; ‡Pt; pÓ&Oit kib rcn;r m;/*em
t;rE Ak$; i&µtr s;ihit*k e=] ½m ibk;xm;n.
ibi&µ smeYr kibt; sÁeN/ a;el;cn; kret egel ÚnbgItÛ Ar ¤eö% kr; a;bx*k.
ÚnbgItÛA ÚgItÛAr pÓcilt &;W;r pirbtRn Ab' b*i¼²ekiNdÓk &;W;ek
g,ekiNdÓk ker et;l; heYez. ÚnbgItÛAr kibr s'%*; enh;t km nYú an*tm kib
@" xÅun;q is'h. nbgIt el;k&;W;à ibxBpÓtIk Ab' lYeb;e/r smnBY rict
a;/uink ai&b*i¼²r Ak pÓk;x m;/*m.
ibgt 50 bzr idBebdI yug eqek a;rÅ ker z;Y;b;d yug abi/ aenk b‹ kibr kibt;
t-;edr jIbâx;Y pÓk;ixt heYez. wmeqlI SÎr, ‡Ptà nIr;l;à pNqà mh;edbI bmR;à
m;%n l;l ctuebRdI pÓmue%r eysb rcn; a;j pyRNt z;p; heYez t; Sb;/Int; prbtIR
ihiNd kibt;r prMpr;r aNt&RU¼². Ar me/* keYki$ rcn; ihiNd s;ihet*r mh;n k;b*‡ilr
me/* j;Yg; ker ineYez.
yid\ At=, mUlt ez;$ kibt; ineY a;el;cn; kr; hlà AE smY aenk nbIn Ab' pÓbI, kib
pÓbN/ k;b* Ab' k;b* n;$k\ rcn; kerezn. ¤d;hr, Sb–p el;k;Ytn (pNq)à
¤bRxI (idnkr)à
a;tÎjYI (ku-\r
n;r;Y,)à
aN/yug(/mRbIr
&;rtI)
Et*;idr n;m ¤eö%* kr; y;Y. Az;‹;\ aenekE dI`R
kibt; ile%ezn. as;/* bI,;
ae+Y)à a-e/er em (mui¼²eb;/) mui¼²pÓsˆg (r;jkml eco/urI) p$kq;
(/Uiml)à
m;Y;dpR, (xÓIk;Nt
&;mR;)à
a;tÎht*; ek ib•ed¯ (r`ubIr
sh;Y) bledb
%i$k (lIl;/r
&;du‹I) Et*;id
AE pÓseˆg ¤eö%ey;g*.
gt 50 bzer ihiNd kibt;r ibk;exr pq %ubE wbic]* mY. pUbRbtIR ihiNd kibt;r tuln;Y
AE pyR;eYr kibt;r Ak i&µ/mIR ibk;x/;r; l=* kr; y;Y. AsmeYr kibt;Y &;W;
g#n \ mtb;d s'½;Nt n;n; puer;en; inYmúineWe/r b-;/n e&e^ pe‹ez; k;b*&;W;
Ab' b*bh;irk &;W;r p;qRk* `uec egez. ihiNd &;W;r sbR&;rtIY
Sb–p sOiêxIl rcn;r m/* ideY b*;pk&;eb b*bhÌt heYez. ihiNd&;W;r g¹I
heYez ibStOttr Ab' esE b‹ j;Yg;r me/*E sms;miYk m;nueWr jIbn&;W; shejE
imel imex igeYez. Ar fel º/u ey jIbenr ez;$ b‹ n;n; pÓsˆg s;ihet* pÓitfilt
heYez t;E nYà ihiNd s;iht*/;r;r me/* an*tr mihm;Y s;m;n*à s;/;r, Ab; egoe,r pÓitë;
heYez. t;rE s;eq s;eq kibt;r g#n inmR;, s'½;Nt ibi&µ mtb;d prSperr
ink$btIR heY Aek aperr se^ &;b/;r; ibinmY kret s=m heYez.
e%;l;eml; nb* ectn; Ab' s;m;ijk d;Ybd¯t;r seˆg yu¼² AE smYk;r k;b*‡ilet
b*i¼²gt \ s;m;ijk dOiê&i^r prSpriber;/I &;b ½mx luPt heYezú eknn;
kibr b*i¼²gt Ab' s;m;ijk s¼;pÓsUt k;b*&;bn; prSperr s;eq imelimex Ak an*tr
k;b* ectn;r jnÎ ideYez. a;m;edr sms;miYk ihiNd kibt;r pir,t Ab' pÓitini/Sq;nIY
kib iheseb ekd;rn;q is'hà mˆgelx d;br;là a•, kmlà r;ejx ey;xIà ibd*;&UW,à
+;enNdÓpità a;el;k /;en;Y;à edbIpÓs;d imxÓ pÓmue%r n;m ibexW&;eb ¤eö%ey;g*.
&;ˆg; g‹;r inrNtn sOiêmUlk pÓi½Y;Y rt AE kibdlE a;g;mI Ab'
½mpirbtRnxIl ihiNd kibt;r sU]/rà Akq; inidBR/;Y bl; cel.
esojn* " ic]kLp aeš;brú
i@esMbrÛ99
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