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b;j;err
h;lúhikk_ " zib Et*;id
p[,br¢n r;Y
m;nuW EiNd[Yg[;h* y;úikzu inmR;, aqb; sOiê kerà t;úsbE an* m;nuWà
SbLp s'%*;Y hel\ ¤pe&;g ker. ¤pe&;g* ihs;eb s;/;re,* pirgint
n; helà m;nuW ek;en; ikzuE inmR;, ik'b; sOiê kern;. inmR;t; b; sOiêk;err
ep[rn; ytE tIb[ b; g&Ir eh;k n; eknà sOê/inimRt
bStur sM&;b* c;ihd;r /;rn; z;‹; inYimt inmR;,/sOiê
sM&b nY. a;r s[ê;/inmR;t;
c;ihd;r p[k;x mUl* ihs;eb n; p;n teb inyimt &;eb t-;r inmR;,/sOiê
kemR inejek ineY;ijt r;%;r ¤_s;hà p;nún;. c;ihd; a;b;r aenk;'ex
sm;jús'¦Oit in&Rr. ixLpIúsOê/
inimRt kl;kOit 
A inYemr b*it½m nY. kl;kOitr c;ihd; Ak Ak sm;ejà s'¦Oitet Ak Ak
smeY Ak Ak k;re, hb;r fel Ak Ak rkemr hY. a;b;r AkE smYk;elà AkE
sm;ejr ibi&µ Ster c;ihd;r p[kOit i&µ het p;er. t;receY ‡•tr
ey sms*; ey ek;en; ixLpkl;r Eith;esr an*tm
p[/;n c;ilk; xi¼² ihs;eb k;j ker t;Úhl kl;bS¼ inmR;t;/s[ê;
ey aNt"ep[r,;Y k;j kernà t;-r inimRt/sOê
bS¼r c;ihd; y%n t;r eqek an* ek;en;à s;/;r,t" b*bh;irk k;r,
in&Rr hY. ¤d;hr, –p bl; y;Yà icd;Mbrm miNderr n$r;j muitR y%n
º/uE pUj*edb ihs;eb pUj; p;nà aqb; genx p;Eenr zib y%n º/uE &ibW*_
mUl* bOiÊr jn* s'gOhIt pu-ij ihs;eb b*bhÌt hYà t%n sOiê ep[r,;r
se^ c;ihd; a&IPs;r f;r;k wtrI hY. ikN¼ Asebr eceY &Y;bh
abSh; etrI hY y%n aNtep[r,;Y sOê/inimRt
kl; bS¼r ixLps¼; i&µ an* ek;en; s¼; q;ek n;à y;r ¤pr c;ihd;
in&Rr kret p;er. a;r AE &Y;bh abSh; Ak;Nt &;ebE
a;/uink ixeLpr sms*;. a;/uink ixeLp ey%;en b*i¼²ixLpIr a;tÎp[k;xE/a;tÎúai&b*i¼²E
ixeLpr aiStetÃr k;r,à es%;en kl;bS¼ mUl*p;Yà hY t;r inj‡en aqb;
p[c;r in&Rr f*;sn ihs;eb. p[c;r in&Rr f*;senbl bS¼ n; heY ¤#et
p;rel ek;en; inmR;,/sOiê a;jekr
AE b;j;r;iYt ibeXb mUl* p;Yn;. ibXb b;j;er b; b;j;ir ibeXb mUl*
epet hel a;j p[c;rúin&Rr f*;snek a;x[Y kret hY. f*;snek f*;sn
heY ¤#et helà f*;sn ihs;eb
p[c;irt het helà tq;kiqt ibXb;iYt b;j;err a;qRúr;jwnitek
ag[;i/k;r idet heCz. a;r t; idet hel ixLpIr/inmR;t;r/s[ê;r
a;tÎp[k;exr t;igdà aNt"ep[r,; Et*;idek b;j;ir xi¼²r k;ez pr;&b
m;net hY. inejedr p[;Y aj;eNt a;jekr b*i¼²úixLpIedr esú/renr
pr;&b emen b;j;ir xi¼²r k;ez pr;&b emen inet heCz. teb ik
a;j a;r etmn ixLpI enE y-;r; t;-edr aimt sOjn p[it&; bel b;j;rek
Âúbex Aen t;-edr sOê ixLpúp[kOitr c;ihd; wtrI ker ineCzn n; b; p;rezn
n;. etmn ixLpI ÂLpús'%*k hel\ a;ezn. a;r a;ezn belE m;nueWr sOiêxIlt;Y
a;r m;nueWrE ixLprs a;Â;dn =mt;Y a;mr; A%n\ a;Sh; r;%et p;ir.
E'erj
pebRr a;egà a;m;edr edex r;j;úmh;r;j;à b;dx;úsult;n a;r r;júpirWdedr
eg;ëI jgetr b;Eer ic]ú&;SkyR;id dOx*kl;r c;ihd; izl hY /mRc;err
¤pkr, aqb; pUj*úbStu ihs;eb aqb; icd;Mbremr n$r;j mUitR a;r ixbr;i]r
¤d¿y;penr jn* klk;t;r r;St;Y a/un; pUijt r'kr; k-;c;m;i$r ixbp[itm;r
ek;en; p;qRk* enE. /emRr b;tR;b;hk ihs;eb ber;bduerr r;m;Yenr l›;k;N@
irilefr se^ s'`ú pirb;err sic] p[c;r ú puiStk;Y r;emr bIrtBb*¢k
dOx*k;ihnI b,Renr p;qRk* mUlt" ixLp mUel*r. &;rtúEith;esr
E'erj pebRr a;eg ± mUl* p;qRek*r d;m s+;en idet r;jI izeln kÛjn
&;rtIY?
aê;dx
xtekr exW p;d eqek ¤inx xtekr m/*&;egr me/*à &Uimúr;jSb
aphre,r jn* ES$ EiN@Y; ek;Mp;nI ey ntun &Um*;i/k;rIedr sOiê
krel;à t;r; sd* ge‹ \#; b;inj* tq; x;snekNd[Ik b;i,j* ngrIr b;isNd;
heYà p[&ur j;etr ¤µt jIbny;pn/;r; a;Y¼ kr;r ecê;Y mGn heln.
t-;edr se^ s'%*; ey;g kreln wbedixk b;i,j*puê edxIY ebinY;úmu_suiâ
Et*;idr;. ¤nib'x xtekr m/*p;d eqekà mh;r;nIr s;m[;ej*r b'xbdà edxI
ú E'erj bnet c;\Y; edxIY krd s;mNt r;j; b;dx;r; E'erjedr jIbn ú
y;penr c$kd;r bihr^r nklnibxnIet m;teln. &;rt Eith;esr duex;
bzrà ¤per;¼² A-r;E a;r E'erj r;j srk;r izeln ¤Cc ek;i$r ic]kl;ú&;SkeyRr
c;ihd;k;rI. t-;edr se^ izeln x;skex[,Ir E'erj Ab' b;i,j*sUe] Aúedex
a;gt E'erjsh an*;n* E¤er;pIYr;. aê;dxú¤nib'x xtekr tq;kiqt ek;Mp;nIúpOëep;iWt
edxIY ixLpIr;à ¤nib'x xtekr m/*&;eg p[itiët a;$R Skuel EeY;er;pIY
kO_ekoxel ixi=t &d[el;k ixLpIr; a;r ibxúxtekr p[;reM&r j;tIY
ectn;Y ¤áuÊ ixLpIr; sb;EúE in&Rr kretn
p[;‡¼² s;m;ijk ex[,I&u¼²edr pOëep;W,;r ¤per.
E'erj
r;ejr exW&;egà iátIY mh;yueÊr /;K;Y itirexr dxekr mNd; eke$
y;b;r perà yid\ eb;Mb;Eet p;ixR a;r ‡jr;tI ixLppit a;r bi,kedr kOp;Y
smk;lIn ic]kl; &;SkeyRr Ak$; b;j;r ge‹ ¤e#izel;à t; se¼B\ AkE
pebR &Uimúkr in&Rr a;Yà s;r; &;retE p[;Y ainiXct a;r
s'kuict heY a;s;r fel klk;t; \ m;d[;ejr ixLpkl;r b;j;r ½mx s'kuict
heY a;es. AúduE xherr ntun ixLppit a;r bi,kedr me/* a;/uink s'SkOit
gih‚ut;r ek;n\ m;niskt; ge‹ \e# n;.
Sb;/Int;e¼;rk;elà
edxIY r;ej*r abluiPtet Ab' per s;r; edexE &Uimúm;ilk;n;r aLpúibStr
pirbtRn \ punibRn*;esr fel puer;n c;ihd;k;rIr; a;r c;ihd;r e=]‡il
apsOt hel;. ntun ixLppità bi,k a;r b‹ a;eYr c;kurIjIbI \ epx;d;r
buiÊjIibr; a;x;nu–p s'%*;Y ixLp s'g[;hk heY ¤#eln n;. yid\ AE exW
duE ex[,I&u¼² el;ekr s'%*;à t-;edr b*bh;irk ix=;gt ey;g*t; ½mxE
ebe‹ celez. ebe‹ celez t-;edr e&;g*p,* ½Y=mt; \ c;ihd;ß ebe‹
celez t-;edr s'SkOitmn*t;r b‹;E. eb;Mb;Eet p;ixR \ ‡jr;tI ixLppit
\ bi,kedr ¤d;hre, ¤d¿buÊ heY b‹ a;eYr c;kurIjIbI a;r epx;d;redr
me/* ikzu s'g[;hk wtrI hel\ m;d[;jà idöIà klk;t;Y b*;p;r$; `$el;
n;.
edexr
r;j/;nI idöIet W;$úAr dxk eqek /Ier /Ier Ak$; b;j;r ge‹ ¤#el\ esE
b;j;r$; &;ret inyu¼² ibedxI kU$nIitk a;r n;n; ibedxI a;r a;NtRj;itk
s'Sh;r kmRc;rIedr a;r a;m;edr edxIY ikzu r;:$[;Y¼ s'Sh; Et*;idr
mue%;ep=I heY rEel;. Sb;/Int;e¼;r k;el klk;t;r ixLpkl;r b;j;er eyú&-;$;r
$;n elegizel; puer;, e½t;edr aqRwnitk \ r;:$[wnitk ab=eYr k;re,à
a;iqRk bel blIY;n ntun ek;en; ex[,Ir a&u*Ÿ;;en esúb;j;er ek;en;
ej;Y;r Ael; n;. eymn$; `$el; Sb;/Int;e¼;r a;h¿emd;b;dúber;d;Y. t;r
¤per a;b;r klk;t;tq; piXcm b;'l;Y s¼err dxekr m;Z;m;iZ eqek º• hel;
abixLp;Yn a;r b;i,j*ús'ek;cn. gt dueYk bzer hYet; AE ½m;bnit bN/
heYezà ikNtu n;girk ixLpúb;i,j* e=e] ¤µYenr h;r Amn bOiÊ p;Yin y;et
ker ixLppit b*bs;YIedr h;et ixLpkl;Y ineY;g kr;r mtn SbiStkr ¤d¿bO¼
jmet p;er.
aenekE
hYet; ij+;s; krebnà n;girk ixLpúb;i,ej*r a;r t;r se^ esE sb ixLpúb;i,j*j;t
b*i¼²gt iniXcNt a;eYr ¤per yid ixLpkl;r b;j;r At$;E in&RrxIl
heY q;ekà t;hel a;ixr dxekr m;Z;m;iZ eqek eb;Mb;Eà idöIà b*;^;el;rà
h;Ydr;b;dà a;h¿emd;b;dà m;d[;jà cN@Ig‹úsh klk;t;r ixLpúkl;r b;j;err
elnúedn Ø aqRwnitk pir&;W;Y y;ek $;nR\&;r bl; hYÙ s¼err
dxekr tuln;Y p[;Y Akex; ‡, ebe‹ egl ik ker? ik ker a;egr eceY dx‡,
ebxI ixLpI mud[;iSftIr b;j;er º/u sOjnkmR kerE Sb;CzNd* jIbnúinbR;h
kr;r Z-uik inet p;rezn. ik ker a;egr eceY dx‡, eqek pener; ‡, ebxI
ixLpI º/uE ey Sh;br \ aSh;br sMpi¼r m;ilk het p;rezn t; nYà keYk
bzr pr prE es sMpi¼r pirm;, ebx b;i‹eY inet p;rezn. A$; sM&b
heCz ik &;eb?
klk;t;r
kq;E /r; y;k n; eknÞ Sb;/Int;e¼;r k;elr ixlppit a;r bi,kedr h;et
kl;bS¼ ½eYr mtn aqRsMbl a;ixrúdxekr a;eg izl n; t; nY. teb Asb s;'SkOitk
sM&;r s'g[ehr m;niskt; b; •ic t-;edr izl n;. duE s;'g[;hk kl;bStu
ibpnen enem p[qm a`$n `$;eln. ai&ent; i&k¿$r b*;n;ijR isenm;Y
n;m kr;r a;egE izeln kl;bStu s'g[;hk. p;irb;irk sUe] Ab'
p[qm jIben kepR;er$ \YRL@úA c;kurI sUe] t-;r `inë bN/utB izl c;úixLp
\ ibpnen inyu¼² b*bs;YI a;r b‹ a;eYr c;kurIjIbIedr se^. esúsb mhel
s'SkOitmn; ihs;eb t-;r Ak$; ibixê pircY\ izl. Aúehn i&šr y%n
ic] ú s'g[eh mGn helnà t%n es$;ek t-;r; bd¿e%Y;l b; ebe%Y;l bel
men n;úker anukr,ey;g* enx; ihs;eb ed%eln. a;r esE i&šr y%n
kl;ús;mg[I ibpnen n;meln t%n t-;r; aenekE t-;r e½t; heY ¤#eln. t-;edr
ek¤ ek¤ ainYimt a;kiSmk e½t; eqek ½em s'g[;hek pir,t heln. Aúp[se^
ai&ij_ØbibÙ mjumd;rà ehemn b‹uY;à em;n; nbIenr n;m men p‹; Sb;&;ibk.
a;r iátIY b*i¼² @" p[k;x ekjir\Y;l. klk;t;r m;‹\Y;i‹ b*bs;YI
sm;ej p[k;x Ak b*it½m. n;mkr; ibedxI ibXbibd*;leYr @šer$ ¤p;/I/;rI
p[k;x y;dbpur ibXbibd*;leYr Eelki$[k*;l Ei¢inY;ir' úAr a/*;pk ihs;eb
ic]kl;r s'g[;hk heY \e#n. t-;r `inë shey;gI s'g[;hk jYpur ibXbibd*;leYr
p[;cIn &;rtIY Eith;s \ s'SkOitr a/*;pk @" mukuNd l;lúAr
p[itë; klk;t;r m;r\Y;‹I sm;ej t%n Aekb;erE an* k;re,. t;r se^ b*;bs;úb;i,ej*r
ek;en; sMpkR enE. klk;t;r bOh¼r bu/úsm;ej t-;edr ix=;gt ey;g*t;r
SbIkOit m;‹\Y;rI sm;ej t-;edr ann* sMm;en sMm;int ker et;el. Aehn
p[k;x ekjir\Y;l y%n kl;bStu ibpnen n;emnà t%n klk;t;r t•, m;‹\Y;‹I
b*bs;YIr; Sbt"E men kret º• kernà kl;bStu s'g[ehr s;'SkOitk
kmRi$ smY Ab' aeqRr apcY nY. A nY buiÊm;n ixi=etr aqR apceYr Ak
r;St;. hWR en\Y;i$Y;à hWRb/Rnà eg;eY›;à s¢Ib eg;eY›;à p[dIp eb;h¿tr;à
p[x;Nt tulisY-;à b;ej;irY; sh kt t•, m;‹\y;‹I b*bs;YIedr ixLpkl;
ibWeY a;g[h;iNbt ker tuelà t-;edr inYimt ixLps'g;[hek pir,t kreln
ik &;ebà ey e&eb ibiSmt hE.
&;rtbeWRr
an*;n* ngerr kl; ibpnn ekeNd[\ i#k Amn k;re, n; hel\ anu–p k;re,
kl;bStu ibpnn ekeNd[\ i#k Amn k;re, n; hel\ anu–p k;re, kl;bStu
ibpnen SfIit `e$ a;ixr dxekr m;Z;m;iZ eqek. idöIà eb;Mb;Eà b;^;el;rà
m;d[;jà h;Yd;r;b;dà a;h¿emd;b;ed ixLpúb;i,ej* ineY;ijt pirb;err
b¤r;à emeYr; Aekr pr Ak b;i,ij*k g*;l;rI %ulet q;ekn. ey s'%*;Y
ntun g*;l;rI e%;l; het q;ekà Ak bzr a;Yu het n; het t;r AkútOtIY;'exr
drj; bN/ het q;ek.
a;ixr
dxk eqek kl;bStur b;i,j* SfIitr an* dui$ k;r, ¤eö% n; krel zib$;
asMpO,R eqek y;eb. \YRL@ b*;› ú En$;r n*;x;n;l min$ir f;N@ú\YRL@
e$[@ agR;n;Eejxenr c;ep nóEúAr dxekr eg;‹;Y &;rtIY a;qRb*bSh;r
ibXbúb;j;r;Yn º• hb;r a;egEà i½ií$j a;r sd¿ibjúAr mtn duE pOiqbI
ib%*;t kl;úibpnn s'Sh; &;ret Aes kl;bStu s'g[h ker ib{e$en a;r
m;ikRnedex esúsb inl;m kret º• kern. Asb inl;emr xtkr; nóuE&;g
e½t;E izeln ibedex bsb;sk;rI /nI &;rtIYr;. Asb inl;emà p[;k¿úinl;m
pebR edex p[cilt d;emr dxúeqek kui‹‡, ebxI d;em kl;bStu ibek;et
q;ek. a;r p[it inl;em es d;m c‹et q;ek. klk;t;à eb;Mb;Eà idöIà m;d[;j
ú Ar eysb s'g[;hkr; 1970ú71úA p-;cex; $;k;Y Aki$ genx p;Eenr e$eMpr;r
zib ikenizelnà b; 1973ú74úA a;#;er;x $;k;Y ibk;x &|;c;yRr Aki$
putul isirejr zib ikenizelnà aqb; 1975úA es;mn;q eh;rúAr Aki$ p;l¿púip[N$
ikenizeln. 1990 úAr lN@n inl;em esúsebr d;m ¤#el; yq;½em s;túl;%à
itnúl;% \ ed‹úl;% ØixLpI ikNtu AE biÊt mUel*r ek;en; &;gE epeln
n;ß tebà t;r zibr d;m a;egr tuln;Y ebe‹ egel;à yid\ es bOiÊ inl;em
\#; d;emr aenk km.Ù an;b;sI &;rtIY e½t;edr zib ekn;r ¤_s;ehr
Ak$; b‹ fl edex flÀel;. edex b*bs;YIedr lGnIr eqek a;Y eyúpebR ½mx
kem a;sizel; a;r hWRd emht; \ ektn p;er%edr kl*;e, exY;r b;j;er
y%n b*bs;YIr; p[;YxE m;r %;iCzelnà esúsmeY t;-r; a;ib¦;r krelnà
b;j;er ip[Y a;r b;j;r sM&;bn;mY ixLpIedr ixLpkemR aqR lGnI kret
p;rel keYk bzerr me/* esúsb ixLpkmR ib½I eqek ey l;& p;\Y; eyet
p;er p[em;$;ir b*bs;r eceY esúl;& ek;en; a'ex km nY.
AúpyRNt
pe‹ men het p;er &;rtbeWRr kl;bStur b;j;er A%n Ak$; rmrm; clez.
b*;p;r$; em;e$E esúrkm nY. b;j;r$; enh;_E ez;e$;. bzr zÛs;t a;eg
%;ink$; s*;eMpl s;e&Rr i&i¼et btRm;n el%k anum;n kerizel;à
AE b;j;err b;_sirk elnúedn Ø$;nR\&;rÙ a;$ eqek dx ek;i$ $;k;r
mtn. es$; ebe‹ a;j dx eqek b;er; ek;i$ $;k;r mtn het p;er. ixLpI
s'%*;à b*bs;YI
s'%*;à b;i,ij*k g*;l;ir s'%*;r tuln;Y $;k;r a›$; &Y;bh
rkemr km. sbeceY &Y;bh idk$; hel;à zu$ek; e½t;r s'%*; p[itbzr
ikzu b;‹el\à inYimt s'g[;hekr s'%*; b;‹ez n;. an*idek SbCzl
ixLpIr s'%*; p-icx bzr a;egr tuln;Y p-icx ‡, ebe‹ egel\à p-icx bzr
a;egr tuln;Y si½Y ixLpIr s'%*; ebe‹ez Akx ‡,.
t;r
eceY\ b‹ ibpedr kq;à b;j;r keYk /renr p[cilt kl;bStur kdr kerà esúsb
/renr kl;bStu inmR;t;edr m;n*t; edY. b*it½imà prI=;úinir=;mUlkà
i&µtr /*;nú/;r,;r pircYbhà inr;&r,à ai&inebxú shk;er
g[hnIY ixLpkOitek b;j;r shej
g[h, ker n;.
fel A /renr ixeLpr s[ê;r; sm;enE b;j;err p[s;d eqek bi÷t heY y;eCzn.
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