j;p;n ú b;'l; s;'SkOitk ibinmeYr 100 bzr pUitR
¤dy;pn n; h\Y;r k;r, ik abehl; n;ik ibSmr, ?

pÓbIr ibk;x srk;r
el%kà j;p;núb;'l; s'Sq;r btRm;n ecY;rm*;n Ab' b;'l;edx s;'b;idkúel%k ef;r;mà
j;p;enr p[;¼²n p[itë;t; s;/;r, sMp;dk.

 &Uimk; "
   a;mr; aenekE hYt b; j;inn; AE bzrE j;p;n b; b;'l; a÷elr s;'SkOitk ibinmeYr 100 bzr clez. bWRi$ek SÎr, kr;r jn* ek;n pÓk;r ibexW ¤ed*;gú¤_sbú a;eY;jn kr; hYin j;p;enà &;ret Ab' b;'l;edex. y; kr;r kq; izl smÎ;jnk&;eb j;p;enrE. a;/uinkk;el dOx*t" s'SkOit \ ix=; e=e] At g&Ir Ab' ibStOt p;rSpirk icNt;&;bn;à em/;à dxRn Ab' j;n;j;inr a;d;npÓd;n j;p;nIedr s;eq a;r ek;n j;itr `e$in. kU$wnitk sMpkR j;p;enr s;eq s;r;ibeXbr bŸ edexr s;eq ed‹x bzr a;eg eqekE reYez ikN\ AixY;r ±k* bj;Y aqb; pÓ;c*b;dek smuNnt r;%;r epÓi=et ey s;'SkOitk a;eNd;ln ge‹ ¤e#izl duE a÷elr pÓqm s;irr icNt;xIl b*i¼²edr me/* t;r nijr a;r ek;q;\ enE. AE s;'SkOitk sMpekRr aNtRpÓedex eXbt;^ s;mÓ;j*b;dek AixY; eqek t;i‹eY a;NtjR;itkt;b;d pÓitë; kr;r le=* Sb;edixk a;eNd;lenr /;r;\ pÓbhm;n izl. pÓqm ibXbyueÊr a;eg eqek idBtIY ibXbyueÊ j;p;enr pr;jY pyRNt AE /;r; s;'SkOitk ibinmeYr p;x;p;ix sm;n&;eb beY celizl. in"seNdeh AE 100 bzerr `$n;bŸl sudI`R smY Aki$ egoreb;ÕBl Eith;s sOiêr epzen Sb&;bt"E epÓr,; \ xi¼² yuigeYez. ey Eith;s AE duE a÷elr nutn \ an;gt pÓjenÎr jn*E º/u nYà smgÓ AixY;r ai/b;sIedr jn*E Aki$ b*it½m/mIR `$n;ú &ibW*et AigeY cl;r aki$ a;x;b*¢k ¤d;hr,\ be$. eknn; ey;g;ey;egr b*bSh;smOÊ btRm;n a;/;inkk;el\ AE rkm Aki$ Ú100 bzrÛ sOiê heb n; t; bl;E b;Ÿl*.

AixY;r b;Stbt; " 

    ekn asÅb t;r aenk k;r, ibd*m;n. pÓ/;n dui$ k;r, A%;en Spêt"E l=,IY. Akà entOetBr s'k$. duEà ¤d;r s'SkOitesbIà m;nb wtirr k;irgerr pÓc¹ a&;b. ibXbr;jnIitr pÓ&;eb AixY;r a;÷ilk r;jnIità sm;jà aqRnIit \
/mIRY e=e] ey ji$l sms*; \ s'k$mY piriSqr sOiê heYez t;r eqek suSqà xi¼²x;lI entOtB \ s'SkOitesbIr jnÎl;& heCz n;. AE abSq; dB;r; a;½;Nt j;p;nà &;rt tq; b;'l; a÷l\ sutIbÓ&;eb. eY;er;pIY ixLp ibp­bà m;ikRnI kiMp¤$;r ibp­b tq; a;Ei$ (Information Tecnology) ibXb;Ynek tr;iNbt krez i#kEà ibi&µ beYsI pÓjenÎr me/* wbp­ibk a;gÓh jinÎeYez t;\ st*ú teb es$; kt%;in sOiêxIlt;à ntun a;ib:k;rà ¤ã;bn Ab' aqRwnitk smOiÊr e=e] pÓ&;b r;%et p;rez AE &;bn; abx*E pÓx©;tIt nY. A$; ik aSbIk;r y;eb ey AE nY; kiMp¤$;rúibp­bà i@ij$;l pÓyui¼² m;ikRnIúeY;er;pIYúj;p;nIúek;rIY yN]p;itr tq;kiqt Akeci$Y; mu¼²b;j;rI b;i,j*ekE sMpÓs;irt krezn;? AixY;r smSt aqR ik esE idekE /;ibt heCz n;? AixY;r ai/k;'x anuµt edx ey aqR wbedixk mudÓ; iheseb a;Y ker t;r ai/k;'x ±sb ixeLp;µt edexE cel y;eCz. a;r tq;kiqt aqRwnitk ¤µYnà kOiWr ¤µYnà abk;#;em; ¤µYnà inr=rt; dUrIkr,à n;rI sms*; Ab' s;MpÓitkk;elr sN];sb;d dUrIkre, ey ibpul aqRs;h;y*à aS]s;h;y* Ab' ODA gt 50 bzr /er a;sez ± edx‡el; eqekà essb s;h;ey*r ae/RkE ikN\ AE dirdÓ edx‡el;r e%e$ %;\Y; m;nueWr pirxÓemr $;k;. t;edr $;k; ineY inejedr b*i¼²gt su%s;CzNd* \ &ibW*_ b'x/redr jn* aqRwnitk inr;p¼; ge‹ tulez y;r; t;r;E ibÓi$xúsOê a;ml;à r;jnIitkà ¤µYnkmIR Ab' b*bs;YIú±sb yN]ús&*t;r s;mÓ;j*b;dI r;êÓ‡el;r mddpuê pÓitini/. Ar; nY; s;mÓ;j*b;dIedr d;l;là ½I‹nk a;r &;t ey;g;en; dirdÓ e%e$ %;\Y; xÓmjIbI m;nueWr; t;edr en;'r; r;jnIitr crm ixk;r. gt 50 bzerr Eith;s ik t;E tuel /rezn; a;m;edr s;men?

AixY;E agÓdUt " 

    blet idB/; ek;q;Yà AE Eelk$Óink pÓyui¼² in&Rr s;mÓ;j*b;dIedr rbINdÓn;q Úas&*Û belizeln. eknn; Ar; h;j;r h;j;r bzr p;rspirk h;n;h;inà /WRk;mà lu$tr;jà b,RwbWm* Ab' r;j*úeg;ëI d%l kr;r ku_ist yueÊ ilPt izl. m;nuW ht*;r aS]à b;•dyu¼² h;itY;r wtrI kerez Ar;E. Ar; s&* heYezà a;/uink heYez Ab' sebR;pir s;mÓ;j*b;dI h\Y;r l;&b;n pq a;ib:k;r
kerez pÓkOtpe= AixY;Y Aes. pÓ;ec*r smOÊú agÓsrm;n icNt;xIlt; Ab' a;NtjR;itkt;b;d y; ineY a;emirk; \ eY;er;p ÚinjSb ex­;g;enÛr ai/k;rI bel j;ihr krezà Ar jnÎ ikNtu eY;er;ep hYin. ÚE¤Û(EU)ú Ar met; ey skl a;÷ilkt;b;d jnÎ ineYezà a;g;mIet jnÎ eneb Ar\ ¤_s AE AixY;b;sIr dxRn eqek. yueÊr /;r,;à prr;j* d%lnIit Aesez an*mh;edexr sm;j eqek. b;•d b*bhÌt aS]à ter;Y;lb;ij AixY;rà abx*E nY. A‡el; bihRibeXbr. pºht*; a;r m;nuW ht*; Ak ijins nY. aNttpe= AixY;r di=,;÷elr p-;c h;j;r bzr pÓ;cIn isn¯u s&*t;Y a;mr; ik edi%. smSt s&*t;‡el;r me/* Akm;] isn¯u s&*t;E b*it½mú ey%;en a;j\ ek;n /;tb aS] b; h;itY;r %-uej p;\Y; y;Yin. r;j;r aiSttBbhnk;rI ek;n pÓm;, a;ib:kOt hYin. eknn; r;j;E izln; ± sm;ej. r;j;r pirbetR izl Akjn pÓ/;n puer;iht iyin sm;jek inYN], kretn. a;r m;ikRnI b; eY;er;pIY ngrs&*t;à Sh;pt*indxRn y; a;jek a;mr; ed%iz t;r mUli&i¼E et; epÓ;iqt a;ez isn¯u s&*t;r ngr k;#;em;r me/*. meh;e¢;d;er;à hrè; pÓ&Oit pÓ;cIn ngrekE i&i¼ ker ge‹ ¤e#ez ngrs&*t;. A a;r ntun ikzu nY. mh;&;retr yueÊ a;mr; ey tIr/nuekr sN/;n p;E es wbidk s&*t;r d;n. aqR;_ a;yRedr. bihr;gtedr dB;r;E n;n;ib/ a;eg©Y;S] AixY;Y !uek pe‹. b,R exÓ,I et; AedrE sOiê. aqR;_ b;Eerr. t;rpr\ wbidk s&*t;r yueg m;nuW x;iNtet izl. A%n ik esE x;iNt a;ez a;m;edr AE ibx;l AixY;r ek;q;\? ekn enE? A$; e&eb ed%;r smY Aesez. eknn; ibedxIr;E blez 21 xtk AixY;b;sIr jn*. gt 4x bzr /er et; Ar; AixY;ek ex;W, kerez. A%n ntun Úech;r;Û ineY a;erkb;r ex;W, kr; y;Y ikn; a;eg©Y;eS]r pirbetR pÓyui¼²r m;/*em AE pÓi½Y;E clez.

s;mÓ;j*b;dI W‹yN] "

    ibeXbr Eith;es AixY;r d;núabd;n sbeceY ebix Ab' anSbIk;yR. ikN\ km s'%*k eY;er;pIYr;E A$; SbIk;r kerez Ab' krez. Ab' y;r; atIet kerez t;edr A%n a;r SÎr, kr; hYn; etmn kerà a;r A%n y;r; krez srk;rI smqRnpuê bŸj;itk b;i,j* pÓitë;n‡el;r c;ep t;edr df;rf; hb;r ey;g;‹. sMpÓit ej;h;nsb;gR /ir]I semÎlen pirebxb;dI \ bŸj;itk Sb;qR;eNbWI ent;edr me/* ey tkRyuÊ hl dxidnb*;pI A$; t;r b‹ pÓm;, nY? AixY; eqek ¤ã;ibt xUn*b;dà ej*;itW+;nà ej*;itRib+;nà ctRuebdà tkRx;S]à isÊ;Ntà x;iNt a;eNd;lnà nIitx;S]à /mRà s'%*;t¼Bà dxRnà s;iht*à mh;k;b*à n;$*x;S]à s^Itx;S]à a/*;tBb;dà a;YRuebdà el;ks;iht*à wb+;ink a;ib:k;rú ¤ã;bnà Sk;Ee½p;rúibd*; Ab' pÓkOit s'r=,b;d kI ge‹ ¤e#in A%;en? ek;n¿$; isLkpq heYà smudÓpq heY bihRibeXb y;Yin? AE‡el;E et; a;j ibXbsMpd. AE egorbmYà AE smOÊ s&*t;r Eith;s a;jekr pÓjnÎ &uel y;eCz. sMpÓs;irt heCzn; AE‡el; ineY gebW,;r piri/. heCzn; t;r aenk k;r, ibd*m;n. a;b;r esE k;r, p;Xc;t*ús;mÓ;j*b;dIedrE sudI`R s;men i½Y;úpÓiti½Y; Ab' W‹yeN]r fsl. a;mr; Akq; SbIk;r kirn; ey p;Xc;t* dxRn \ ib+;n a;m;edr ikzu edYin b; ¤pk;r kerin. kerezà yb apk;r$;E ebix. sbeceY ebix =it kerez a;m;edr /mRek r;jnIitr h;itY;r iheseb b*bh;r ker y; b;°;lI j;itek du&;g kerezà A%n k;xÎIrek ekNdÓ ker p;¢;bek a;l;d; kret AE /mIRY pÓ&;bE k;j krez. AE /mRek s;mÓ;j*b;dI ibÓi$xr; t;edr x;snt;iN]k pÊitr exW pÓi½Y; ihesebE ineYizl. ikN\ exW r=; hYin. fel &;rtbWRek i]/;ib&¼² ker ideY p;l;et heYez. s;ehbr; p;ileYez i#kE ikN\ t;edr apk;rI Úa;ml;tN]Û Ab' Ú/mR in&Rr r;jwnitk /;r;Û ere% egez y; per;=&;eb gt 50 bzr /erE smgÓ &;rtIY ¤pmh;edx AixY;r ¤µt Ab' anuµt ai/b;sIedr Sb;&;ibk jIbny;penr =mt;à sOjnxIlt;à m;nisk smOiÊek ke#;r&;eb inYN], krez. AE inYN], &;^;r ecê;Y bŸ a;eNd;ln heYezà bŸ r¼²=Y heYezà bŸpÓ;, ¤_sgIRt heYezà kt m;eYr buk %;il heYez kt em/;à xÓmà aqR ibnê heYezú ibinmeY ek;n ek;n a÷elr Sb;/Int; Aesez ikN\ keYk bzerr b*b/;en sb &¹ul heYezú ey m;q; ¤e# d-;i‹eYizl a;b;r h-;$uet mu% ‡-ejez. AE j`n* xi¼²x;lI pÓCzµ a;ml;tN] AixY;r skl pÓjenÎr wnitkúc;iri]k Sb;&;ibk ‡,;blIek /B's ker ideCz. AE a;ml;teN]r epzen es-e$ a;ez Sb;qR;enBWIà aixi=tà a/Rixi=t Ab' sN];sI r;jnIitkr; y;r; el;k ed%;en; Úr;i]j;g; pÓhrIÛr ebx /er a;ez a;r epzenr aNdrmhel r;j; iheseb sb a`$n c;ileY y;eCz a;ml;r;à bŸj;itk pÓitë;n‡el;r t-;ebd;r b*bs;YIr;. b‹E pirt;epr ibWY heCz eyà t;edr simÎlIt en;'r; r;jnIitr ixk;r a;j mu¼² +;nccR;r ekNdÓ ibd*;lYà ibXbibd*;lYà gebW,;ekNdÓ‡el; pyRNt. AE du"%jnk húyúbúrúl abSh; eqek eY%;en ib+;n \ pÓyui¼² a;m;edrek ¤Ê;r kr;r kq; t; ik krez? int*ntun kiMp¤$;rà EN$;ren$ú b;i,j*à i@ij$;l i@&;Es‡el;r ¤µYn xt;ÝIúpuren; p;quer a;ml;teN]r acl;Ytnek &;^et p;rezà exÓ,Igt sm;jb*bSh;r durtB \ b*b/;enr is-i‹‡el;ek hÓ;s kret eperezà n;ik em/; jnÎ;en;r pirebx ge‹ tulet sm;j inYN]kedr pÓ&;ibt kret eperezú ikzuE kret p;erin. br' em/;bIedr b;EerE cel eyet b;/* krez. AE nb* pÓyui¼²r ÚeSpsxIp$;Û kitpY ¤CcexÓ,Ir pirb;rbegRr dB;r; inYiN]t heY e&es a;ez agi,t dirdÓ m;nuW tq; e%e$ %;\Y; xÓimkà ¤ed;rxUn* kOWkà ejelà t-;tIà k;m;rúkuem;r a;r ebk;r pÓjenÎr m;q;r ¤pr. `er `er pÓyui¼²r a;xIbR;d y;Yinà y;eb\n; At shej. yt=, pyRNt a;mr; a;m;edr inejedr aphÌt egorebr idek n; t;k;eCzà h;r;en; m;niskxi¼² sebR;pir a;tÎibXb;s ifer n; p;eCz?

Eith;esr abm;nn; "

    A bzr sit*E ¤per;iöi%t 100 bzerr s;'SkOitk Eith;s pyR;el;cn; Ak$; cm_k;r suey;g Aesizl. AE sMpekRr sUcn; kerizeln j;p;nI mnIWIà nms* pi¹túixLpIà ix=;‡• etnixn \k;kur; (1862ú1913) 1902 s;el cIn heY &;rt sfr k;el. t%n itin dx m;s klk;t;Y izeln. #;kur pirb;err ixLpI abnINdÓn;qà ggenNdÓn;q per rbINdÓn;q #;kuerr s;eq `inë heYizeln. t-;r AixY; Ak (Aisa is One) AE mtb;edr s;eq Ak;tÎ e`;W,; kerizeln rib #;kur. itin pirict hn eb^l er-ens-;esr ib%*;tsb pi¹tà buiÊjIbIedr s;eq. Sb;mI ibebk;nNdÛr s;eq\ t-;r g&Ir s%*t; ge‹ ¤e#. &;ret besE itin Úid a;Ei@eYls ab id ES$Û n;mk t-;r ib%*;t gÓNhi$r p;¹uilip ile%izeln. j;p;en ifer Aes x;iNtinektenr a;xÓem p;i#eYizeln t-;r z;] \ ixW* ib%*;t j;p;nI ic]ixLpI eY;ek;EY;m;  t;Ek;nà sunex; ijxd;à k;nj;n ixem;mur;ek. AE º• hl s;'SkOitk ibinmeYr sub,R sUcn;. 1912 s;el etnixn punr;Y klk;t; ˜m, kern. rbINdÓn;qà Sb;mIjIek j;p;en a;mN], j;n;n. rbINdÓn;q etnixenr mOt*ur itn bzr pr 1916 s;el sbRpÓqm j;p;n sfr kern. keYk m;s izeln j;p;en. AixY;r pÓqm en;ebl x;iNt ajRenr fel t-;r myR;d; \ jnipÓYt; izl pbRt sm;n. ibpul&;eb s'bi/Rt heYizeln itin. t_k;lIn pÓ/;nmN]I k;¤N$ \kum;à e$;ik\ ibXbibd*;leYr a;c;yR EY;m;k;\Y;sh s;r; edexr b;`; b;`; pi¹tà a/*;pkà buiÊjIbIà r;jniItkà el%kà s;ihit*kà s;'b;idkà ic]ixLpIà kN#ixLpIà /mIRY ent;sh sbRem;$ pÓ;Y 300 jn smebt heYizeln esE a&*qRn; anuë;en. t_k;lIn suib%*;t sm;j s'Sk;rkúixLppit b*;rn AEEic ixbus;\Y; ktOk t-;r a;suk;EY;m; b;s&ben a;miN]t heYizeln rbINdÓn;q. Ak j-;derl a&*qRn; s&;r a;eY;jn kr; heYizl. wdink a;s;ih ixÁun pi]k;r m;ilk •eYih mur;EY;m; t-;r b;s&ben j;p;nI ±ith*b;hI c;úanuë;enr m;/*em rib #;kurek br, kerizeln. e$;ikeY; ibXbibd*;lYsh ibi&µ ix=; pÓitë;en b¼²Ot; kerizeln. j;p;nI mihl; mh;ibd*;leYr pÓitë;t; ix=;ibd ijnen; n;•es ktOk a;miN]t heY n;g;en; ejl;r k;•Ej;\Y; a÷el abiSht mihl; mh;ibd*;leYr ix=;pÓ;^en Ak;i/k b¼²Ot; ideY a;el;‹n sOiê kerizeln. pÓiti$ p]pi]k; fl;\ ker AEsb anuë;n Ab' rbINdÓn;eqr kmRsUcIr sic] s'b;d pÓk;x kerizl. ikzuidn ixLpI t;ERk;enr \eYen; xherr b;s&ben q;k;r pr b;kI smY$; izeln bNdrngrI eY;ek;h;m;r /n;!* b*i¼²à b*bs;YI Ab' ixLpkl;r pOëep;Wk et;imt;er; h;r;Úr Ús;nekEAnÛ b;s&ben. etnisenr b;s&bn Eb;r;ik ejl;r Ejur;et\ keYkidn t-;r pirb;err se^ k;i$eYezn. esb;r t-;r s;eq s^I heyizeln ipYR;snà A*;<@Óujà ixLpI nNdl;l bsu. AE smY rib #;kuerr anuer;e/ ak;i/k Sbn;m/n* ic]krà /mIRY pi¹tà &;rtIY  dxRenr ix=kà &;rtt¼Bibdà &;W; ibexW+à ½I‹;ibdà c;ed;¤ (i$ isermin)à Eekb;n; pÓ&Oitr pÓix=kg, x;iNtinekten igeYezn. ek¤ ek¤ inejr ¤ed*;eg xÓImit ixjueY EireYà eboÊ pi¹t a;r. ikmur; pÓmu%. ibXb&;rtIr pÓqm ibedxI z;] izeln j;p;nI t•, ix=;qIR ex;et;ku eh;irà itin s'SkOt &;W; ix%et igeYizeln. %*;itm;n b;'l; \ j;mR;n &;W; ibexW+à rbINdÓ gebWkàÚedixek;¼mÛ purSk;r ibjYI a/*;pk @. k;ju\ a;jum;Ûr &;W* eqek j;n; y;Y gt xt;ÝIr pÓqm eqek idBtIY ibXbyuÊ pyRNt km pe= Ak h;j;r j;p;nI z;]z;]Ià pi¹tà ix=kà ixLpIà /mIRY ent;à b*bs;YIsh ibi&µ epx;r k;irgrà p;rdxIR klk;t; \ !;k; a÷el bsb;s kretn. t;edr ek¤ ek¤ icrSh;YI\ heYezn klk;t;à !;k;Y ibb;h Ab' jIbny;penr b*bSh; Sh;pn ker. eymn ¤eYem;n t;ekd; duE &;E klk;t; \ !;k;Y bÓ;† emeY ibeY kerizeln.
   iátIYb;r y%n rbINdÓn;q j;p;en a;esn t%n\ ebx a;Ntirk s'b/Rn; l;& kern. esoNdeyRr lIl;&Uim ikeY;et;à n;r;sh b;i,j* mh;ngr \s;k; Ab' bNdrngrI ek;eb pirdxRen y;n. AE smY\ t-;r an*tm s^I izeln ixLpI nNdl;l bsu. Ab;r a;erkjn pÓ%*;t j;p;nI ic]ixLpI k;eMp; a;r;EúAr s;eq rbINdÓn;q \ nNdl;elr `inët; hY. rib #;kuerr anuer;e/ keMp; a;r;E 1916 s;elr 16 t;ire%E klk;t;Y y;n. pÓ;Y a;‹;E bzr itin &;ret izeln. ajNt;à Eel;r;Ûr ‡h;ice]r anukre,r k;j krizeln itin. &;rtú j;p;n s;'SkOitk sMpekRr e=e] t-;r abd;n apirsIm.

 j;p;en rbINdÓ pÓ&;b "

   tOtIYb;r 1914 s;el rbINdÓn;q j;p;n sfrk;el t_k;lIn at*Nt pÓ&;bx;lI pÓbI, j;tIyt;b;dI ent; im_su• et;EY;m;à ej;t;er; ihr;\k; pÓmue%r s;eq s;=;_ kern. \eYen; xherr esEeY;k;n n;mk ibx;l &ben t-;ek Ak s'b/Rn; j;n;en; hY. AE s&;Y r;jnIitkà s;ihit*kà buiÊjIbIà a/*;pkà s;mirk aifs;rsh sm;ejr g,*m;n* b*i¼²bgR ¤piSqt izeln. abx* ¤piSqt izeln j;p;n pÓb;sI ibp­bI r;sibh;rI bsu. rbINdÓn;q &;retr Sb;/Int; s'gÓ;emr l‹;EeY et;EY;m;r s;h;y* \ shey;igt;r kq; sxÓÊ ice¼ SÎr, kern. Ab' kOt+t; +;pn kern r;sibh;rI bsu Ab' eherÁ l;l ‡Pt AE dujn &;rtIY ibp­bIedrek j;p;en a;xÓeYr b*bSq; \ shey;igt; kr;r jn*. rbINdÓn;q r;sibh;rI bsur Xbºr;lY e$;ikeY;r ixnjuku b;i,j*ngerr ib%*;t b*bs; pÓitë;n Ún;k;mur;EY;ÛY aitiq heYizeln. et;EY;m; im_su•rÛr s;eq rib #;kuerr keYkb;r p] ibinmY\ hY. 1929 s;el\ rib #;kur et;EY;m;r s;eq s;=;_ kret eceYizeln ikNtu t%n itin cIn sfer izeln. tq;ip r;sibh;rI bsuÛr m;/*em rbINdÓn;q Aki$ ºe&Cz; b;,I et;EY;m;rÛr jn* ere% y;n. et;EY;m; im_su•Ûr s;eq rbINdÓn;eqr AE s'ey;g %ub Ak$; pÓc;irt hYin j;p;n \ b;'l; a÷el. eknn; yueÊr pr aenekE et;EY;m;ek ¤gÓ j;tIYt;b;dI kmRk;¹ Ab' EeMpirY;l esn;b;ihnIr s;eq `inë sMpkR q;k;r k;re, t-;ek ÚEY;kuj;Û (j;p;nI m;ifY;)úr Ú‡•Û bel ai&iht kerezn. pÓkOtpe= t; st* nY. itin sit*k;r aeqR AixY; eqek ext;ˆgedr ibd;Y eceYizeln. itin etnixenr ÚAixY; AkÛ AE mtb;ed a;mOt*u ibXb;sI izeln. rbINdÓn;q sÅbt" et;EY;m;r ibWeY smSt ejenºenE t-;r s;eq pirict het a;gÓh pÓk;x kerizeln. ikNtu rbINdÓn;q aitir¼² j;tIYt;b;edr iber;/I izeln. e$;ikeY; ibXbibd*;leY Ak b¼²Ot; d;n k;el itin j;p;nIedr ¤gÓ j;tIYt;b;ed ke#;r sm;el;cn; krel t-;r pÓit h#;_ kerE piriSqit xItl heY ¤e#. jnipÓYt; hÓ;s p;Y. t_k;lIn ib%*;t kib eY;enijer; en;‡ic klk;t;Y rbINdÓn;eqr s;eq j;p;nI j;tIYt;b;d ineY ibtekR ji‹eY pe‹n. edxúibedex abSq;rrt j;p;nI s;ihit*kà r;jnIitk \ buiÊjIbIr; rbINdÓn;eqr ke#;r sm;el;cn; kret idB/; kernin. Atsb sm;el;cn;ek ˜Ìe=p n; kerE rbINdÓn;q j;p;nI entObONdek Ÿ-ixY;r ker &ibW*_ b;,I kerizeln " AE ¤gÓt;r fel t;edrek aitir¼² mUl* idet het p;er.

   bS¼t" idBtIY ibXbyueÊ j;p;nIedr pr;jY esE &ibW*_b;,Iek set* pir,t kerizl. ai/k;'x j;p;nIr; rbINdÓn;qek d;xRink belE j;enn. mUlt" etnixn \ rbINdÓn;qek ineYE j;p;nI \ b;°;lIr s;'SkOitk ibinmY a;eNd;ln ge‹ ¤e#izl. rbINdÓn;eqr ÚgIt;¢ilÛ rbINdÓn;q en;ebl purSk;r p;b;r pr prE j;p;nI &;W;Y anUidt hY. abx* sbRem;$ dxb;r anUidt heYez bel pÓefsr a;jum; j;n;eln. teb mUl b;'l; eqek Akb;rE sr;sir anub;d heYez a;r A$;E sbRk;elr sbRexÓë gIt;¢ilr j;p;nI anub;d bel SbIkOt.

   &;rtIY Sb;/Int; yueÊr an*tm pÓb;sI ent; r;sibh;rI bsur m;/*em ent;jI su&;W bsur j;p;n a;gmnà egÓ$ AixY; ek;epÓ;seperi$ SpIY;er (Great Asia Coprosperity Sphear) &;retr pÓitini/ iheseb su&;W bsur ey;gd;nà &;rtIY Sb;/Int; a;eNd;len j;p;enr smqRn \ shey;igt; AEsb et; a;j\ SÎr,ey;g* Ab' duE a÷elr s;'SkOitk /;r;r s;eq imex a;ez.

   iátIY ibXbyueÊr pr e$;ikeY; imil$;rI $Ó;Ebun;elr an*tm pÓ/;n ibc;rpit b;°;il ibc;rkà ix=;ibd @. r;/;iben;d p;l ÚinedR;W r;YÛ e`;W,; ker ibXbEith;es amr heY a;ezn. m;ikRn yu¼²r;êÓsh smgÓ ibXb t-;r r;Y emen ineYizl. itin\ izeln rbINdÓn;eqr a;dxR anus;rI. itin j;p;en itnb;r Aesezn. yueÊr pr 1953 s;el iher;ixm;Y anuiët ibXbx;iNtr le=* a;erk &;rtIY ibp­bI r;j; mehNdÓ pÓt;p pÓitiët \Y;L@R ef@;erxnúAr AixY; k;¤iNslúAr s&;Y s&;pit iheseb a;miN]t heY Aesizeln @. p;l. mOt*ur pUebR exWb;r j;p;n Aesizeln j;p;nI smÓ;$ iher;ihet;Ûr k;z eqek t-;r kOitetBr SbIkOit SbrÌp r;eêÓr an*tm sebR;Cc Úp;pRl irbnÛ pdk gÓh, kr;r jn*. AkE smY j;p;enr an*tm pÓ;cIn myR;d;sMpµ pÓk;xn; s'Sq; ehEeb;nx; pÓk;xn; s'Sq;r pÓitë;t;à ix=;ibdà el%k EY;s;buer; ixem;n;k;\ anurÌp pdk gÓh, kerizeln ix=; \ s'SkOit e=e] ibexW abd;n r;%;r jn*. ¤eö%* eyà ixem;n;k;Ûr s;eq @. p;elr Ú&;tObN/nÛ Sq;ipt heYizl. t-;edr SÎOitek a=Y ker r;%;r jn* k;n;g;\Y;úejl;r h;ek;en n;mk Sq;en 25 bzr a;eg Úp;lúixem;n;k; emem;irY;l hlÛ Sq;pn kerezn t-;edr dujenrE Akinë ixW* el%kà gebWk Ab' @. p;elr ÚinedR;W r;eYÛr anub;dk m;s;a;ik t;n;k; mh;xY. 1999 s;el y%n t-;r s;eq s;=;_ kret y;E itin dI`R=, smY ineY aenk kq;E SÎr,kerezn @. p;là r;sibh;rI bsuà A.Am.n;Y;rà ent;jI Ab' b^bN/u ex% muijb sMpekR. t-;r `er sbR] ex;&; p;eCz @. p;elr zib. A%n t-;r bYs 94 bzr. abx* @. p;elr Aki$ SÎOit flk Sq;pn kr; heYez sMpÓit ikeY;et;Ûr Aki$ in&Ot miNder. pÓbI, j;p;nI gebWkà buiÊjIbIà s;ihit*kr; rbINdÓn;q \ @. r;/;iben;d p;lek sbeceY ebix xÓÊ; ker q;ekn. rbINdÓn;q p-;cúp-;cb;r j;p;n sfr kerezn. itin j;p;nIedr pÓkOitin&Rr jIbny;pn \ ixLp&;bn;r pÓit d;•,&;eb a;kOê heyizeln. a;r @. p;l j;p;nIedr a;itÎk dOŒt; tq; Úbuixed;¤Ûr pÓx's; kerezn.

   iátIY ibXbyueÊr pr y%n j;p;n sMpU,R&;eb ib/BStà ibpyRSt Ab' ib˜;Nt t%n a;erkb;r Aedexr t_k;lIn agÓ,I buiÊjIbIà ix=;ibd \ r;jnIitkbONd rbINdÓn;eqr xr,;pµ heYizeln. aenekE rbINdÓn;eqr ix=; \ dxRn j;p;nI ix=;b*bSq;Y pÓeY;g kret a;gÓhI heYizeln. AE ¤eâex* 1959 s;el @. kuinihek; \\kur;r (1882ú1971) entOetB j;p;n rbINdÓú gebW,; ekNdÓ eY;ek;h;m;Sq t-;r pÓ;s;ed;pm b;s&ben Sq;pn kr; hY. @. kuinihek; izeln rbINdÓn;eqr `inê bN/uu Ab' ib%*;t Aki$ k;gj wtir ek;Mp;nIr m;ilk \ prbtIRk;el et;eY; ibXbibd*;leYr a;c;yR. rbINdÓn;q y%n 1929 s;el j;p;n sfr kern t-;r e$;ikeY;Sq em‡er;ú\Y;e@Rr b;i‹et Ak m;s izeln. itin rbINdÓn;qek 12 %e¹r mh;j;p;nI Eith;sà c;ed;¤à Eekb;n; pÓ&Oit gÓNq ¤ph;r edn. rbINdÓn;q klk;t;Y ifer igeY Ar ibinmeY inejr rict E'erij \ b;'l; pÓ;Y 200 i$ gÓNq @. kuinihek;ek p;#;n. es‡el; A%en; \\kur;EY;m; SÎOitx;l;r puer;en; gÓNq;g;err aN/k;r pÓek;eë ibb,R abSq;Y reYez.

 rbINdÓn;eqr punr;ib&R;b "
  
AE s'Sq; eqekE t_k;lIn &;retr pÓ/;nmN]I j\hrl;l eneh•Ûr anuer;e/ @. kuinihek;r s&;pitetB pÓ;Y 60 jn buiÊjIbIà a/*;pkà ic]ixLpIà s;ihit*kà gebWkà b*bs;YIà kN#ixLpIà  nOt*pÓix=kà /mIRY pi¹etr smnBeY Úe$eg;r emem;irY;l Aes;iseYxnÛ g#n kr; hY rbINdÓn;eqr jnÎxtbWR ¤dy;penr jn*. A-edr me/* izeln &;rtt¼Bibd @. h;ijem n;k;mur;à ix=;ibdà pÓk;xk EY;s;buer; ixem;n;k;à ixºs;ihit*kà sm;el;ckà anub;dk EY;m;mur; ixjuk;à ejn¿ eboÊ pi¹t i$.i@.sujuikà a/*;pk ikej; En;juà @. kuineY;ix \\b;r;à pÓefsr ixnEY; k;sug;Eà pÓefsr et;ixihek; k;t;EY;m;à mihl; ic]kr \ ix=;ibd ej;s;ku m;eYd;à mihl; ic]ixLpIà a/*;ipk; fuku a;iken;à nOt*ixLpIà pÓix=k im. s;k;ikb;r;à a/*;pk k;ju\ a;jum; pÓmu%. AE ¤ple= ibi&µ Sq;en aifs Sq;pn ker s'g#enr piricitp] \ s'ib/;n pÓk;xà c-;d; s'gÓhà m;isk s&;à Úst*Û n;mk m;isk pi]k; pÓk;xà b;'l; &;W; ex%; gIitn;$* ic];^d;sh s;'SkOitk anuë;enr inYimt mh‹; Et*;id kmRk;e¹r i&tr ideY 1961 s;el e$;ikeY;et keYkidn b*;pI ebx `$; ker rbINdÓ jnÎxtbWR p;ln kr; hY. Ai$ Aki$ ±ith;isk `$n;. rbINdÓn;eqr pÓ&;b 1964 s;l aqR;_ e$;ikeY; ailiMpk anuë;enr pUbR pyRNt j;p;nIedr mnen g&Ir&;ebE ibSt;irt izl. t;m;g;\Y; g;kueYn mh;ibd*;leYr bnjúk*;Mp;es x;iNtinektenr a;del Aki$ j;p;nI x;iNtinektn ge‹ et;l;r\ pirkLpn; en\Y; heYizl. k®;x\ º• heYizl g;zg;z;ilr tel ixºúikex;redr ineY. ikNtu e$;ikeY; ailiMpkà k;l;r e$ili&xn Ab' dÓ³tgitsMpµ buel$ e$Ón (ixnk;nezn) Ar sfl pÓclenr fel j;p;en dÓ³t aqRwnitk  ¤µYenr ej;Y;r a;es. ey ej;Y;er e&es y;Y j;p;n. Ar prprE a;es b;b¿l (budbud) aqRnIitr yug. m;ikRnI \ eY;er;pIY b;j;r d%l ker enY Eelk$Óink s;mÓ;j*b;dI j;p;nI ek;Mp;nI‡el;. m;] 40 b_ser idBtIY aqRwnitk xi¼²et rÌp;Ntirt h\Y;r aeloikk `$n; ed%;et s=m hY j;p;n. m;] 70 dxk eqek 2000 s;l AE 30 bzer edxi$ ser y;Y AixY; eqek. AixY;r Úa;emirk;Û j;p;n shej &uel y;Y t;r AixY;n piricità mUl*eb;/ Ab' sudI`Rk;elr Aks;eq pqcl;r s;qIedr. abx* Arme/* ey s;'SkOitk ibinmY ikzu `e$in t; nY teb t; %ubE =I, Ab' sIimt a;k;er.

j;it piricitr sms*; "

   yueÊr per 1953 s;el j;p;n y%n m;ikRnI d%ltB eqek mui¼² l;& ker t%n bzr dexk /er ikzu j;p;nI ix=k \ z;]z;]I x;iNtinektnsh an*;n* &;rtIY ibXbibd*;leY igeYezn. ikNtu ab;/&;eb m;ikRnI \ p;Xc;t* p*;xnà f*;xn \ s'SkOit gÓh, kret q;k;r fel &;rt tq; AixY;mu%I h\Y; j;p;nIedr s'%*; ½mxE hÓ;s p;iCzl. b;b¿l aqRnIitr yug es$;ek pÓ;Y xUen*r ek;#;Y n;imeY a;en. &;rtIY ibWY;id ixe% j;p;en &;t p;\Y; Ak kq;Y asÅb izl sbRk;elE. ek;en;k;elE b;'l; b; &;rtIY an*;n* &;W; ixe% j;p;en m;ê;ir pyRNt kr; y;Yin. c;kurI kr; et; dUerr kq;. a;r A%n et; j;p;nIr; bdel eyet eyet Amn Ak ÚpÓj;itÛet pir,t heYez ibexW ker ntun pÓjnÎú Ar; j;p;nI n; m;ikRnI n; eY;er;pIY ecn; muxikl. Ar; A%n AixY; mh;edxE ecenn;ús'SkOit j;neb Amni$ a;x; eb;k;im. Ar; k;r; ? Akm;] j;p;nI &;W; t;edr mue% ºnel #;hr kr; y;Y ey Ar; j;p;nI. abx* y;r; a;emirk; b; eY;er;ep y;Y t;r; AY;rep;e$R /;¡; %;YúSbPn&ˆg hYú y%n t;edrek Úext;ˆgÛ iheseb nY ÚAixY;nÛ ihesebE d-;‹;et heCz ede%. AE Úa;Ee@ni$i$ ½;EissÛ A%n j;p;enr j;tIY sms*;. AE sms*;r sm;/;n a;ez punr;Y j;p;enr AixY;Y ifer a;s;r me/*. A$; a;m;edr nYà j;p;nIedrE &;W*. ikNtu j;p;n ik AixY;Y ifer a;s;r mtn ikzu krez 
A%n ? a;m;edr et; ec;e% pe‹ n;. Akm;] 1961 s;elr pr j;p;en ey %;ink$; &;rtIY ed;l; l;eg esi$ hl 1988 s;el Akm;sb*;pI &;rt ¤_sb teb t; &;rt srk;err ¤ed*;eg heYez. AE smY ikzu &;rtIY cliCc] pÓdixRt hY t;r me/* ¨itBk `$ekr Úeme` !;k; t;r;Û ede% bŸ j;p;nIek axÓ³sjl het ede%iz. t%n eqek t;m;ik m;_su\k; n;em Ak j;p;nI &dÓmihl; &;rtIY cliCce] muÔ heY gt dx bzr /er j;p;en j;p;n f;¤e¹xenr shey;igt;Y sIimt a;k;er &;rtIY cliCce]r pÓdxRnI Ab' ¤_sebr a;eY;jn ker celezn. Eitme/* ‡•de¼r cliCce]r ¤pr ere$Ó;sepki$& pÓdxRenr a;eY;jn kerezn itn b;r. &;rtIY cliCc] ibWYk esimn;r Ab' a;el;cn;nuë;enr a;eY;jn\ krezn. ibi&µ ix=; pÓitë;en AE ibWeY b¼²Ot; ideCzn. teb t; %ubE =udÓ gi¹r me/*. rbINdÓn;q \ b;'l; &;W;r pÓit aitsMpÓit ikzu ikzu t•, t•,Ir men;ey;g a;kWR, heCz i#kE teb t;r; Aekb;erE h;et eg;n;.
   A bzr &;rt \ b;'l;edexr s;eq j;p;enr kU$wnitk sMpekRr 50 \ 30 bzr puitR p;ln kr; heCz j;p;n srk;err p= eqek.  ebsrk;ir&;eb duúAki$ s'g#n p;ln krez a;el;cn; s&;r m/* ideY. ikNtu 100 bzerr s;'SkOitk ibinmeYr ibWYi$ ebm;lum &uel bes a;ez. A$; ik a;r\ ibr;$à `$n;bŸl ‡•tBpu,R `$n; nY ? A$; ik sit* &uel y;b;r mtn s;m;n* `$n;pÓb;hÞ A pyRNt m;] dui$ anuë;enr kq; j;n; y;eCz. Aki$ gt m;cR m;es ibixê rbINdÓ gebWk \ j;p;en #;kurúsimitr s&;pit @. k;ju\ a;jum; t-;r =udÓ s'g#n eqek. rib #;kuerr Úc¹;ilk;Û m÷;iYt kerezn e$;ikeY;sh an*;n* keYki$ xher sIimt a;eY;jen &;rt eqek n;$*eg;ëIek a;mN], j;ineY. t-;r bYs A%n 72 clez. t-;r S]I imess ikEek; a;jum;\ rbINdÓ&¼². Am.A.kerezn e$;ikeY; ibXbibd*;leY rbINdÓn;eqr Úbl;k;Û k;b*gÓeNhr ¤pr iqiss ile%. angRl b;'l; eymn bel y;n etmin an;Y;es keN# /;r, kret p;ern rbINdÓs^It.
t-;edr mtn rbINdÓ;nur;gI j;p;nIr pr prbtIR ek¤ a;ezn ikà a;m;edr j;n; enE. t-;r Ab' &;rtt¼Bibd @. _suex; ibeY;ed;r 30 bzerr ak®;Nt pÓecê;r fel 1994 s;el ibXb&;rtI pÓ;^e, inimRt heYez Úinèn&bnÛ y; izl rbINdÓn;eqr a;jIbnk;r SbPnà ‡•edebr AE SbPnek b;Stb;Yn ker Ak mh;n dOê;Nt Sq;pn kerezn t-;r;. anurÌp&;eb j;p;en\ Aki$ rbINdÓ SÎOit i&i¼k y;du`r pÓitiët h\Y; ¤ict nY ik ? ag;S$ m;es a;erki$ `$n; heYez 100 bzr ¤ple=. a;g;mI aeš;br m;es eY;ek;h;m;et etnixenr jnÎSq;n Ab' rbINdÓn;eqr bŸ SÎOit/n* A%;en j;p;núb;'l;r gt 100 bzerr s;'SkOitk ibinmeYr Eith;sek SÎr,IY ker r;%; Ab' /;r;b;ihkt;ek pun•ÕIibt kr;r le=* Új;p;núb;'l; s'Sq;Ûr ¤edB;/n het y;eCz. @. k;ju\ a;jum; AE s'Sq;r smÎ;nIt ecY;rm*;n inyu¼² heYezn. a;r a;ezn  rbINdÓ&¼² j;p;n pÓb;sI itótIY n;girk pÓefsr @. epm; igY;lep;à pÓefsr et;ixa;ik \\_suk;à @. k;juen;bu \\EY;m;à im_suen;ir k;imEY;à gebWk eY;ixa;ik h;r;à pÓ;¼²n pÓ/;nmN]I ihedik et;ej;Ûr epoi] eli%k; \ pirebx s'r=, kmIR E¤ikek; et;ej;à t•, el%kà gebWk t;ekE¤ik t;n;k; (im_su• et;EY;m;Ûr pÓepo])à s'SkOitkmIR xÓImit t;imek; \\b;à ireY fukud;à a;im pÓbIr ibk;x srk;rà m;hbubul a;lmà a;xr;f a;lIà ic]ixLpI ilY;kt a;lI pÓmu%. gt 21 ex a;gS$ a;mr; rbINdÓSÎOit ibjirt Sq;nsmUh pir˜m, Ab' esimn;err a;eY;jen isirejr pÓqm Sq;ni$ ebez inE n;eg;en;r k;•Ej;\Y;. ey%;en 80 bzr a;eg rbINdÓn;q j;p;nI z;]Iedr ¤eâex* b¼²Ot; ideYizeln. t-;r Aki$ a;b= muitR es%;en Sq;ipt heYez rbINdÓn;eqr &¼² \ t_k;lIn j;p;nI anub;idk; et;im ek;r;Ûr ¤ed*;eg. itn `N$;r pq b;es ce‹ es%;en igeY %-uej epet s;m;n* ebg epel\ rbINdÓn;eqr s;men ¤piSqt heYizl;m ebx ¤-cu p;h;e‹ ¤e#. sbuj;& re°r a;b= mUitRr rib #;kur t;ikeY a;ezn inbR;k dUr p;h;e‹r /Usr sIm;er%;r idek. esimn;err pÓ/;n b¼²; izeln pÓefsr @. k;juen;bu \\EY;m;. itin ed‹ `N$;r b¼²Ot;Y 50 bzr a;eg AixY;Y j;p;enr &Uimk;à t;r exoyRbIyRà sflt;à b*qRt; Ab' etnixnà et;EY;m;à rbINdÓn;qà @. p;là su&;W cNdÓ bsu pÓmue%r j;tIYt;b;dI icNt;ectn;r kq; a;m;edr SÎr, kireY ideln. itin blelnà a;mr; AixY;n a;m;edrek pÓ;ec*r mUl*eb;/ ineY b-;cet heb. s;rxUn* m;ikRnI b; eY;er;pIY ÚyN]b;dÛ a;m;edr pÓeY;jn enE. j;p;nek AixY;Y ifer a;set heb.

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   j;p;n ik AixY;Y sit* ifer a;set c;Y ? ek;q;\ et; t;r l=, enE. es ey t;r inejr a;tÎpircY a;j &ulet besezú a;pn Sbedexr nms* b*i¼²edr a;j efel ideCz ibSÎOitr ghBer. A$; ik j;itr jn* a;g;mI pÓjenÎr jn* sebR;pir AixY;n &;tOtBeb;e/r jn* m^ljnk ? j;p;nú b;'l; s;'SkOitk ibinmeYr 100 bzrek ey xItl men;&;b ineY @;S$iben efel ideY kU$wnitk sMpekRr 50 bzr b; 30 bzr pUitR `$; ker p;ln kr; t; ik ex;&nIY hl ? A ey Eith;esr mu¹u a;r h;tp; eke$ º/u ¤ed;r$;ek pUj; kr;r x;imlÞ ey ¤ed;r$; º/uE b;i,ij*kà º/uE r;jnIitkedr Sb;qRprt;r pÓtIkÞ Eith;s ik emen eneb AE abehl; ?
 

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