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b;'l;
\ &;rt Eith;esr ½³i$ ibc*uit " biém
@"
n;‹ueg;p;l ed
¥nib'x xt;ÝIr iátIY;e/R b;°;ilr icNt; jgetr mU%* s÷;lk
biémcNd[. itin AE smeYr an*tm ex[ë icNt;ibd. itin izeln
pU,Rm;];Y rationalist b;
yui¼²b;dI. dxRn \ ib+;n nYà Eith;s\ izl t;-r ip[Y
ibWY. Ÿgil \ ep[ise@iNs kelejr p;#* ibWY t;-ek p‹et heYez
n;n; Eith;s ibWeYr g[NhúúúibexW ker E¤er;epr Eith;s. esE
se^ Ÿgil \ ep[ise@iNs kelejr g[Nh;g;r eqek\ n;n; Eith;s \
ib+;enr g[Nh a/*Yn ker n;n; ibWeYr +;n a;hr, kerezn.
edx ibedexr n;n; Eith;s g[Nh a/*Yn kerE
Eith;esr g&Ir +;n ajRn kerezn biém. j;g[t heYez anusiN/_s;
\ Eith;s p{Iit. b;'l;r Eith;s n; q;k;r jn* biém e=;&
p[k;x kerezn.
s;ehbr; yid p;i% m;iret y;nà t;h;r\ Eith;s
ili%t hYà b;'l;r Eith;s n;E. g[Inl*;eçr Eith;s ili%t
hEY;ezà m;\ir j;itr Eith;s a;ezà ikNtu ey edex ego‹à
t;m[ilPtà sPtg[;m;id ngr izlà ey%;en wnWdcirt gIteg;ibNd
ili%t hEY;ezà ey edx ¤dYn;c;yR* r`un;q ixer;min \ wctn*edebr
jNm&uimà es edexr Eith;s n;E.
biéemr metà ÚEith;sibhIn j;itr du"%
aenk. biém b;'l;r kléem;cen secê Ab' A%;en itin SpêtE
p[itb;dI.
m;nuWek m;irY; efilY; t;h;ek mr; bilel imq*; kq;
bl; hY n;. ikNtu ey bel ey b;^;lIr icrk;l AE cir] b;^;lI
icrk;l dubRl icrk;l &Iru ´IÂ&;b t;h;r m;q;Y
bj[;`;t h¤kà t;h;r kq; imq*;.
b;^;lIr icrdubRlt; Ab' icr&Irut;r a;mr;
ek;n\ ±ith;isk p[m;, p;Ein. ikNtu b;^;lI ey pUebR b;Ÿblx;lI
etjÂI ibjYI izl t;r aenk p[m;n p;E.
b;°;il icrdubRl icr&Iru Ab' ´I Â&;b
ey nn t; biém p[m;n kerezn.
1 emg;iShinesr kq;Y a;mr; Eh;E buiZet p;ir ey
t_k;el AE r;Œedex Aki$ pOqg[;h* izl. emg;iShins beln eyà
AE r;j* A–p p[t;p;inÃt izl ey Eh; k%n\ ek;n\ x]³ ktORk
pr;ijt hY n;E Ab' an*;n* r;jg, g^;r;ŒIidegr hiSt
wsenr &eY t;h;idgek a;½mn kiretn n;. itin Eh;\
ili%Y;izeln eyà ÂY' sbRjYI a;elkj;ç;r g^;tIer ¤pnIt hEY;
g^;r;ŒIidegr p[t;p xuinY; esESh;n hEet p[Sh;n kireln.
b;^;lIr blbIeyR*r &eY a;elkj;ç;r yueÊ =;Nt hEY;izeln A
kq; ekh ibXb;s krun b; n; krun Eh;r s;=I ÂY' emg;iShins.
2 aenek abgt a;ezn m*;eki¢ s'g[h (Mackenzies
Collection) n;em ktkguil dulR&
&;rtbWRIY puStekr s'g[h a;ez. esE skl g[eNhr Aki$ t;ilk;
¤Elsn s;ehb p[c;irt kirY;eznà Ab' t_se^ ¤h; hEet ktkguil
±ith;isk t¼Ã s'g[h kirY; p[k;ixt kirY;ezn. \E g[eNhr 82
pOë;Y edi%ebn ili%t a;ez eyà g^;r;ŒIr a/IXbr anNtbmR; b;
ek;l;hl kil^ jY kirY;izeln. A kq; p[Str x;sen ili%t a;ezà
a;mr; g^;r;ŒI n;m gi‹ n;E.
AE&;eb biém b;^l;ek klému¼² kret igeY
inej klm /erezn. p[bN/ s;ihet*r me/* ideY ¤pyu¼² tq* \
yui¼²r s;h;ey* biém inejr b¼²b* p[itiët kerezn.
ey smSt ibedxI ±ith;isk tq; Eith;s rcn;k;rI ey
smSt Eith;s g[Nh Ø b;^;l;r Eith;s ibWeYÙ rcn; kerezn t;-edr
el%; Úb;^;l;r Eith;sÛ (History of Benegal) g[eNh
biéemr a;Sh; enE. ¤¼² Eith;s g[Nhguil sMpekR biéemr
p[iti½Y;
k m;xRm;nà í$uY;$R p[&Oit puStkguilek
a;mr; s;/ kirY; Eith;s bil " es ekbl s;/ pUrn
m;].
% s;ehbr; b;^;l;r Eith;s sMbeN/ &uir &uir
g[Nh ili%Y;ezn. í$uY;$R s;ehebr bE At b‹ &;rI bE ey
zu-i‹Y; m;irel ej;Y;n m;nuW %un hYà a;r m;xRm;n elqib[j
p[&Oit cu$ikt;el b;^;l;r Eith;s ile% aenk $;k; er;jg;r
kirY;ezn.
¤¼² Eith;s g[Nhguilet b;^;l;r Eith;esr ek;n\
kq; enEà b;^;l;r Eith;esr se^ ek;n\ sMpkR enE b;°;il j;itr
Eith;s Aet ikzu enE. ¤¼² Eith;sguil sMpekR biém SpêtE
belezn.
a;m;idegr ibebcn;Y Ak%;in E'erij g[eNh\ b;^;l;r
p[kOt Eith;s n;E. es skel yid ikzu q;ek teb ey skl muslm;n
b;^;l;r b;ds;hà b;^;l;r sub;d;r Et*;id inrqRk ¤p;i//;r,
kirY; inrueáeg xy*;Y xYn kirY; q;iktà t;h;idegr jNm mOtu*
gOhibb;d Ab' i%cu‹Ie&;jn m;]. Eh; b;^;l;r Eith;s nYà
Eh; b;^;l;r Eith;esr Ak a'x\ nY. b;^;l;r Eith;esr se^ Eh;r
ek;n\ sMbN/\ n;E. b;^;lI j;itr Eith;s Eh;et ikzuE n;E.
AE&;eb biém ibedxI ±ith;iskedr el%;
b;^;l;r Eith;esr (history of Bengal)
]³i$ ibc*uit ¤eö% ker p[kOt Úb;^;l;r Eith;sÛ rcn;Y b;°;iledr
¤_s;iht kerezn.
sPtdx p;#;n ktOk b^jY hEY;izl A kq; biém
ibXb;s kern n;. itin ¤¼² mNteb*r ibrueÊ srb heYezn Ab'
Ar p[itb;d kerezn ebx dOŒ &;ebE. biéemr &;W;Y
sPtdx p;#;n ktORk b^jY hEY;izl A klé imq*;.
sPtdx p;#;n ktORk ekbl nbáIepr r;jpurI ibijt hEY;izl. Eh;r
per\ bhUidn pyRNt esn b'xIeYr; pUbR \ di=, b;^;l;r ai/pit
q;ikY; Â;/In&;eb sPtg[;em \ subnRg[;em r;jtÃ
kirY;izeln.
¤¼² b¼²eb*r spe= p[m;,\ h;ijr kerezn.
p;#;enr; 372 b_sr r;jtà kirY;izeln tq;ip ek;n\
k;el smudY b;^;l;r ai/pit heYn n;E. piXcem ib‚upur \ p÷ek;e$
t;-h;idegr =mt; p[ibê hY n;E. di=e, suNdrbnsiµiht p[edex
Â;/In ihNdur;j; izlà pUebR c|g[;mà en;Y;%;il Ab' i]pur;
a;r;k;nr;j \ i]pur;i/pit heSt izl Ab' ¤¼er kucibh;r ÂtN]t;
r=; kiretizl. sutr;' p;#;enr; ey smeY ¤i‹Y; jY kiret s=m
hEY;izeln ey smeY t;-h;r; 140000 pd;itk 40000 aXb;er;hI Ab'
20000 k;m;n ed%;Eet p;iretn es smeY\ b;^;l;r aenk;'x t;-h;idegr
hStgt hY n;E.
sPtdx aXb;er;hIet b^jY ey heYizl Ar ek;n\ ±ith;isk
p[m;n enE. biém Úmuslm;n ktORk b;^;l; jYÛ p[beN/ mInh;j
¤âIenr sPtdx aXb;er;hI s'½;Nt bO¼;eNtr ibrueÊ tIb[
p[itb;d kerezn Ab' p[m;, kerezn A sb sMpU,R imq*;.
ihNduedr kIitR ey &;rtbWRIY muslm;enr;
scr;cr eg;pn kern t;r itni$ ¤d;hr, biém ideYeznà 1
r;jput;n; 2 d;i=n;t* Ab' 3 ¤i‹W*;. b;°;ilr ±ith;isk
SmOit j;gre,r jn* biém b;^;l;r st* Eith;esr anusN/;n
kerezn. b;°;ilek itin Eith;s rcn;Y p[;i,t kerezn. ey%;en
b;^;l;r Eith;esr ibkOit ede%ezn b; b;^;l;r Eith;esr ibkOit
ede%ezn es%;enE biém p[itb;d kerezn. AE p[itb;ed t;-r an*tm
m;/*m p[bN/ s;iht*. teb ¤pn*;sek\ itin m;/*m ihs;eb m;eZ
m;eZ b*bh;r kerezn.
biémcNd[ ÚmO,;ilnIÛ ¤pn*;es\ mInh;j ¤âIenr
sPtdx aXb;er;hIr b^jY bO¼;eNt b%itY;r i%lijr &Uimk;
ineY s'xY p[k;x kerezn.
eW;‹x shcr lEY; mkR$;k;r b%itY;r i%lij
egoe‹Xberr r;jpUrI d%l kirl.
Wiê b_sr per ybn Eith;seb¼; imnh;j ¤âIn
AErUp ili%Y;ezn. Eh; ktdur st* ktdur imq*; ek j;en ? y%n
mnueW*r ili% ice] is'h pr;ijtà mnuW* is'ehr apm;nktR; ÂrUp
ici]t hEY;izlà t%n is'ehr heSt ic]flk idel kIrUp ic] ili%t
hEt? mnuW* muiWktul* p[tIYm;n hEt seNdh n;E. mNd&;ignI
b^&uim shejE dubRl; a;b;r t;h;et x]³ heSt ic]flk.
sPtdx aXb;er;hIr b^jY bO¼;Nt biéemr k;ez
ibXb;sey;g* bel men hYin. itin t;-r p[bN/ s;ihet* Ab' ¤pn*;es\
p[m;, kerezn itin ibedxI ±ith;iskedr ¤¼² /;r,; imq*;. Ab'
A ibWeY t;-r anum;n \ isÊ;Nt ey si#k izl Ak;elr Eith;es t;
p[m;i,t.
mhMmd E b%itY;r ktORk egoe‹ \ r;eŒ esn
r;jge,r ai/k;r luPt hEY;izlà Eh; inXcY ikNtu ey &;eb
ibjY k;ihnI bi,Rt hEY;ez t;h; p;# kirY; ibXb;s kiret ECz; hY
n;. p[qm kq;à ndIY; ek;q;Y? ndIY; yid nbáIp hY t;h; hEel
eb;/hY eyà mhMmd E b%itY;r luþen;eâex a;isY; esn
r;ej*r jwnk s;mNtek pr;ijt kirY;izelnà k;r, nbáIep ey esn
b'exr r;j/;nI izl Eh;r ek;n\ p[m;,E ad*;bi/ a;ib¦Ot hY n;E.
iátIY kq;à a;gmenr pq k;n*kueBjr ink$ hEet mg/ luþn yt
shj mg/ hEet s;m;n* esn; lEY; ego‹ b; r;Œ luþn tt shj
neh. mhMmd E b%itY;r ek;n peq ndIY; a;½mn kiret a;isY;izeln
t;h; j;inet p;r; y;Y n;. itin yid r;jmhelr ink$ idY;
g^;r di=, kul ablMbn kirY; a;isY; q;ekn t;h; hEel itin k%n
\E aLp esn; lEY; a;iset p;ern n;E Ab' r;j/;nI ego‹ b; l=Ín;btI
ai/k;r n; kirY; a;esn n;E. t%n Z;‹%eçr bnmY pbRt séul pq
s;m;n* esn;r pe= agm* izl. AE skl k;re, aê;dx aXb;er;hI lEY;
mhMmd E b%itY;err ego‹ibjY k;ihnI ibXb;sey;g* bilY; eb;/hY
n;.
Effeminate hindoos
E¤er;pIYedr mu%;eg[ sbRd;E a;ez. Eh;E &;retr klé.
&;rtbWRIr; hInbl eporuWhIn. ey E¤er;pIYr; &;rtb;sIedr
Effeminate Hindoos beln
t;edr mue%E a;b;r &;rtbWRIY isp;hIedr bl \ s;hesr p[x's;
xun; y;Y. biéemr &;W;Y
esE ´IÂ&;b ihNduidegr b;hubelE k;bul ijt
hEl. bilet egel esE ´IÂ&;b ihNdidegr s;h;ey*E t;-h;r;
&;rtbWR jY kirY;ezn. t;-h;r; ÂIk;r krun b; n; krunà
esE ´IÂ&;b ihNdidegr k;ez mh;r;ê[ Ab' xIekr k;ez aenk
r,e=e] t;-h;r; pr;St hEY;ezn.
biém muslm;n pur;bO¼ eqek tq* s'g[h ker p[m;,
kerezn &;rtbWRIYr; r,piçt izeln.
&;rtbWRIYedr s;hs \ r,wnpun* ey p[x'snIY
izl A ibWeY biém iá/;r ek;n\ k;r, ede%n n;E. A ibWeY t;-r
mNtb*
esE smeY ig[kidegr siht pircY. t;h;r; inej aiátIY
blb;n. t;h;r; &UeY;" &UY &;rtbWRIidegr s;hs
\ r,wnpuen*r p[x's; kirY;ez. m;ikdnIY ibp®b b,Rn;k;el t;h;r;
AErUp pun" pun" inedRx kirY;ez ey a;isY;
p[edex AErUp r,piçt iátIY j;it t;h;r; ede% n;E. Ab' ihNdug,
ktORk eyrUp ig[kwsn*h;in hEY;izl ArUp an* ek;n j;it ktORk hn
n;E. p[cIn &;rtbWRIYidegr r,d=t; sMbeN/ yid k;h;r\
s'xY q;ek teb itin &;rtbeWRr bO¼;Ntel%k ig[kidegr g[Nhp;#
kirebn.
biémcNd[ &;rtbeWRr icrkleér itni$ k;r,
inedRx kerezn. p[qmt EitbO¼ enEà iátIYt ey skl j;it prr;j*ph;rI
p[;Y t;r;E r,piçt bel apr j;itr ink$ pirict heYez. y;r;
ekbl a;tÍr=; m;e] sNtuê heY prr;j* l;e&r k%n\ ECz;
kerin t;r; k%n\E bIregorb l;& kerin. tOtIYt ihNdur;
bhuidn eqek pr;/In.
¤pn*;esr k;ihnIet biém Eith;esr `$n;ek
aenk%;in p[;/;n* ideYezn. teb es%;en emoilk icNt;r abk;x km.
ikNtu p[bN/ s;ihet* biéemr Eith;sccR; a;r\ ebe‹ez p[;Pt
g[eNhr sm;el;cn; kret igeY. t;-r men heYez p[kOt b;^;l;r
Eith;esr ( History of Bengal) b‹E
a&;b. ey smSt Eith;s g[Nhguil h;etr k;ez p;\Y; y;Y
eyguil ibedxI ±ith;iskedr el%; es%;en b;^;l;r st* Eith;esr
¤p;d;enr b‹E a&;b. t%n\ b;°;ilr; ek;n\ b;^;l;r
Eith;s ele%n in. a;m;edr pur;bO¼guilr wdndx; es%;en g;l gLp\
awnsigRk `$n;r p[;/;n*. t;E b;^;l;r Eith;s rcn; kret
biém a;p;mr b;°;iledr a;hÃ;n j;ineYezn. se^ se^ p[kOt
b;'l;r Eith;s rcn;r jn* p;#kkulek\ ¤_s;iht kerezn. biém
Eith;s ineY\ ccR; kerezn ikNtu p[eY;jenr tuln;Y t; %ubE
km. itin yui¼² inrIe% &;rtbeWRr klé apen;den\ secê
heYezn. AE &;eb ¤pn*;s \ p[bN/ s;ihet* ibexW ker p[bN/
s;ihet* biém b;^;l; \ &;rtbeWRr Eith;esr ]³i$ pU,R
a'xguil icih³t ker si#k b;'l;r Eith;esr (History of
Bengal) idek a^uil s'ekt kerezn.
p[eY;jen itin ikzu ¤p;t*;\ s'g[h ker p;#kedr Eith;s
gebW,;ek tÃr;inÃt kerezn Ab' t;-r s;ihet* ØEith;esr ]³i$pU,R
a'xguilr jn*Ù tIb[ p[itb;d kerezn Ab' st* Eith;s ¤d`;$en
secê heYezn. biémceNd[r Eith;s si#k \ smey;ict.
tq*su]
"
1 Üú
b[ejNd[n;q bEnd*;p;/*;Y \ sjnIk;Nt d;s
biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà s;iht* s;/k
cirtm;l;úúú22 b^IY s;iht* pirWd WëmuÜ, a;iXbn 1393 pO
10à 16à 20à 22
2 Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Y b;^;l;r Eith;sà biém rcn;blIà
s;iht* smg[à iátIY %çà s;iht* s'sd s'¦r,à p÷, muÜ,
m;` 1411 pOú285
3 Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà b;^;l;r Eith;sà tedb pO 286
4 Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Y b;^;l;r kléà biém rcn;blIà iátIY
%ç tedb pO 288
5 Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà b;^;l;r kléà tedb pO 288
6 Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà b;^;l;r kléà tedb pO 289
7 Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà b;^;l;r kléà tedb pO 289
8 Ü bi_mcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà b;^;l;r kléà tedb pO 285
9 Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà b;^;l;r Eith;s sMbeN/ keYki$ kq;à
biém rcn;blIà iátIY %ç tedb pO 290
10Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà b;^;l;r Eith;sà tedbà pO 286
11Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà b;^;l;r Eith;sà tedbà pO 286
12Ü x[I r;jkO‚ mue%;p;/*;Yà p[qm ix=; b;^;l;r Eith;s pO
29 ؤeö% biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà b;^;l;r Eith;s tedbà pO
286Ù
13Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà muslm;n ktORk b;^;l; jYà b^dxRn
a;iXbn 1289 ؤeö% n;‹ueg;p;l edà ap[k;ixt biém p[bN/
Ab' n;n; p[s^ puStk ibp,I j;nuY;ir 2005 pO 88úú98Ù
14Ü biécNd[ ce|p;/*;Yà muslm;n ktORk b;^;l; jYà ap[k;ixt
biém p[bN/ Ab' n;n; p[s^ tedb pO 94úú97
15Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà mO,;ilnIà biém rcn;blIà ¤pn*;s
smg[à p[qm %çà s;iht* s'sd s'¦r, 1410 pO 190
16Ü r;%;ld;s beNd*;p;/*;Yà b;^;l;r Eith;s p[qm %çà ctuqR
muÜ, 1413à edj p;bilix' pO 222úú223
17Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà &;rt kléà biém rcn;blIà
iátIY %ç tedb pO 205
18Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà &;rt kléà tedb pO 205
19Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà &;rt klé tedbà pO 205úú206
20Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà &;rt kléà tedb pO 206
21Ü biémcNd[ ce|;p;/*;Yà &;rt kléà tedbà pO 206úú207
esojen* "
smY asmYà junúújul;E 2009
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