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el;k
s'¦Oit a;i°n;Y kibg;n
@;"
sudxRn r;Y
m;nueWr hÌdYiSht bOi¼guel;r b;ih*k p[k;x y%n –pà
r°à rsà gN/à SpxR p[&Oit EiNd[Yg[;h* anu&uitr
eplbt;Y rUp;iYt hY xeÝ suer aqb;
esoëeb t%in t; heY \e# s;iht* s'gIt \ s'¦Oit. Ak kq;Y bl;
y;Y s'¦Oit hl s&*t;jint ¤_kWR jIbnccR;r anuxIln.
el;k s'¦Oit heCz sm;ejr a;Yn;à ey%;en t;r p[itCzib /r; pe‹
pirebxgt e&ogilkà aqRwnitkà &;W; s'¦Oitr k;#;em;
Et*;idek p[itibiMbt ker. s'hit \ ±ek*r ¤_s.
el;k s'¦Oitr a;i°n;Y el;kg;n p[;, p[;cueyR
&rpur. bŸib/ res p®;ibt ker ere%ez ¤eáilt jnjIbn.
ibi&µ pyR;eYr el;kg;enr me/* kibg;n el;k s'¦Oitr a;i°n;Y
ibexW Sh;n jue‹ a;ez icrSmr,IY heY.
¥inx xtekr p[;rÅ eqek m;gRrIitr n;n; wb#ik
g;n jnip[Y heYizl. eymn a;%‹;Eà $Pp; Et*;id. Ar epzen izl
x;S]IY s'gIetr ibexW p[&;b. AE kibg;nà a;%‹;Eà h;f
a;%‹;E g;enr eceY p[;cIn Ab' Ar p[&;b\ ibStOttr e=e]
sMp[s;irt heYez. @" sukum;r esenr met Úe%¤‹Û b; Úe%‹uÛ
g;n eqekE AE kibg;n sOiê heYez. ¥nib'x xt;ÝIr
kibg;en c;ri$ pyR;Y ed%; y;Y. 1Ù ‡•edebr gIt 2Ù s%I
s'b;d 3Ù ibrh Ab' 4Ù e%¤‹. sbRexW e%¤‹ a'ex n;Yk
n;iYk;r imln ibWYk rcn; eyon a;ebdnmUlk rcn; g;\Y; hY.
kibg;enr ¤_s sMbeN/ n;n; muinr n;n; mt reYez.
Akmet &;rtceNd[r Úned x;iNtpur whet e%-‹u a;n;Eb.
ntun ntun `;e$ e%-‹u ºn;Eb.Û AE ¤i¼²et m;n*t; ideY Úe%-‹uÛ
b; Úe%¤‹Û n;mk ax®Il eyon ibWYk g;n eqekE
kib g;enr sOiê bl; heYez. an*met y;];g;n eqek kibg;enr ¤_pi¼
bl; heYez. @" herkO‚ mue%;p;/*;eYr /;r,;Y ÚZumurÛ
g;n eqekE AE kibg;n ibbitRt heYez. p[;cIn g[;m* Zumur g;en
p[eXn;¼rmUlk rcn; nOt*gIt sh p[k;x kr; ht. l' s;ehebr
ir$;nR eqek men hY Úk•,; in/;n ibl;sÛ 1820 %Oê;eÝ muiÜt
heYizlà t;et a;ezà
itn r;] kib g;Y duE dl whY;
h;ir ijit xÝ ‡e, ºn mn idY;.
eg;ipet kirl sOiê kirl kItRn
ad*;bi/ esE g;n ker nrg,.
p[qemE bl; heYez kibg;n p[;cIn r;g s'gIt puê.
epor;inkà s;m;ijk \ r;jwnitk ibWY ineY pd*;k;er rict AE g;n
g;\Y; hY. AE g;en p[Xn \ ¤¼err aqR;_ c;p;n \ k;$;n Ar
abt;r,; kr; hY. duÛp= g;n kern. Ak p= g;n /ernà p[Xn kernà
apr p= ¤¼r edn. p[Xn \ ¤¼r g;enr m;/*emE heY q;ek.
kibY;ledr shj;t kibtà xi¼² Ar me/* p[k;x p;Y.
1837 %Oê;eÝr ÚE'ilxm*;nÛ pi]k;Y ihNdu n;mk
inbeN/ kibg;enr a;serr Aki$ ic] bi,Rt heYez. esi$ edbúedbIr
pUj;nuë;en a;cirt kibg;n. esk;el jimd;r b;i‹et b; /nIb*i¼²r
gOhp[;^en s;/;r,t r;t n$; dx$;r smeY kibg;n anuiët
ht. p[cç i&‹ ht Ab' n;n; ex[,Ir el;ekr; jm;eYt ht.
kibg;enr l‹;E Ar a;eg !uil b; e!;lk b;dekr; e!;l b;ijeY
anuë;n sUcn; kretn. duÛdl kibY;ledr me/* p[qm dl Øs'%*;
10ú12 jnÙ ek;mr eqek h;-$u pyRNt l;l k;pe‹ e!ek m;q;Y
p;i%r p;lk yu¼² et ek;,; $uip per e%;l; g;eY gOhp[;^enr
m/*Shel abtI,R hetn. kib g;Ykedr dup;eY nupur b;-/; q;kt.
g;enr se^ se^ t;-r; n;cetn\. g;enr a;ser abtI,R heY t;-r;
gOhp[;^n s'lGn #;kur d;l;en Sh;ipt edb edbIr p[itm;r s;men
s;ê;e^ p[n;m kretn. t;rprE pyR;Y½em g;n a;rÅ ht. Ak
dl Ak Aki$ pyR;Y sm;Pt ker ibx[;m g[h,k;el iátIY dl \E
pyR;eY ¤¼rmulk g;n pirebxn kern. p[qm dl y%n g;enr m;/*em
du–h p[Xnb;, ine=p kret q;ekn t%n iátIY delr b;-/nd;r b;
rciYt; t;r ¤¼r kibt; b; z‹;r a;k;er rcn; kretn. iátIY
delr g;enr smY g;Yk \Ei$ egeY ¤¼r idetn. si#k jb;b hel
ex[;t;edr k;z eqek b;hb; l;& Ab' yeq;pyu¼² ¤¼r idet
n; p;rel el;ek ÚdueY;Û idt Ab' #;|; ibܳp krt. ibjYIdl
¤ed*;¼²; \ ib¼b;n ex[;t;edr k;z eqek pur¦Ot hetn. es
smY klk;t;Y kib g;enr p[/;n pOëep;Wk izeln r;j; nbkO‚ edb.
AE kibg;n es smY klk;t;r b;busm;ej at*Nt jnip[Yt; l;&
ker Ab' xher &Ü sm;ejr aenk gn*m;n* b*i¼² a;kOê hn.
a;mr; ŠXbr‡ePtr Ús'b;d p[&;krÛ Ab' &b;nIpur
inb;sI eg;p;lcNd[ beNd*;p;/*;eYr Úp[;cIn kib s'g[hÛ g[eNh
l™ p[itë sn;m/n* kibY;elr n;m p;E t;-r; heln r;m bsuà
h• #;kurà r;su nOis'hà int*;nNd wbr;gIà ekê;muicà
eg;-jl; ‡Eà r;msuNdr r;Yà l;luà nNdl;là bl;E d;s
wbr;gIà kO‚em;hnà dpRn;r;Y,à p;bRtIcr, beNd*;p;/*;Yà
gd;/r mue%;p;/*;Y. sb;E #;kurà ye+XbrIà eg;r=n;qà sIt;n;q
mue%;p;/*;Yà a*;N$nIs;ehbà nIlu#;kurà stur;Yà ŠXbr‡Ptà
Soiê/rà e&;l;mYr;à r;mkmlà jg;e/;p;Øye+XbrÙ
hireb;l d;sà icNt;min mYr;à m;/b mYr;à =Ier;d cNd[[à
r;mjI d;s p[mu% ¤eö%ey;g*.
Ak smY Aki$ kibg;n %ubE ib%*;t heYizl. es smY
sb;r mue% mue% g;ni$ p[cilt heY icrSmr,IY heY a;ez. esE g;ni$
Úa*;N$in ifiri^Û \ Úe&;l; mYr;Û z;Y;ice] a;mr; ºeniz
\ ede%iz. esE g;ni$r sOiêr Eith;s aenekE +;t nn. esE g;enr
Eith;s pirebxn kerE a;m;r A p[bN/ exW kriz.
esE ib%*;t g;ni$ hlúúÚkI ker blil jg; j;‹;
eg;lk bONd;bn. eyq;Y b;mun r;j; c;iW p[j; c;ridek t;r b;-exr
bn.Û smY$; b;'l; 1267 s;l. E'r;ij 1869 i%[ê;eÝ. wjë m;s.
piXcmbe^r emidnIpur ejl;r aNtgRt cNd[ek;,;à p[;cIn ±ith;isk
ngrI izl. AE cNd[ek;,;r aNtgRt j;‹; izl Ak p[isÊ g[;m.
j;‹;r p[isÊ jimd;r b;buedr xItl; pUj; p[itbzerr mt º•
hl %ub /um/;m ker. ajs[ el;ekr sm;ebx. AE j;‹;r jimd;r Úb;bur;
r;YÛ pdib/;rI. aenk k;elr benid jimd;r. AE jimd;r r;Y
pirb;rek Sh;nIY jng, Úb;buÛ bel @;ketn. AE jimd;r b'exr
r;jIb el;cn r;eYr se^ r;j; r;mem;hn r;eYr ey;g;ey;g izl. duÛjen
bN/u izeln. xItl; pUj;r a;eY;jen y;];à kibg;enr anuë;n hl.
t%n kibg;enr aqR;_ kibr l‹;E A cNd[ek;,;r b;-xdh g[;emr
jg;e/;p; Øye+XbrÙ a;r `;$;elr hireb;l d;s kibY;l Ar; dujen
jimd;r b;buedr pUej; mçep Aeln kib g;n g;Eet. A-r; dujenE
esk;el kibg;en %ub p[isiÊ l;& kereznà edex ibedex
kibg;n kret eyetn. jimd;r b;i‹r mçep \ c;rp;ex el;ek
el;k;r,*. s&;r m/*mi, heY bes a;ezn t%nk;r jimd;r b;bu xÅucNd[
r;Y Ab' t;-r an*;n* a;tÍIY \ bN/u b;N/b.
duE p[isÊ kibY;l an*;n* ibWeY aenk=, kibg;n
kreln. Arpr jimd;rb;bu \ an*;n* b;bur; j;‹;ek ineY Ak$;
kibg;n kret bleln. p[qem jg;e/;p; j;‹;r p[z's; ker g;n º•
krelnà
Ú j;‹; eg;lk bONd;bn. j;‹;r prmb[† b;bug,
eymn eg;lk het eg;kuelet abtI,R eg;b/Rn
eg;lekr &;b edi% eg;kuel.
j;‹; eg;lk a;el; kern b;bu skel Et*;id.Û
j;‹;r AE p[x's;Y b;bur; muÔ. Arpr
t;-r; hireb;l d;sek Ar ¤¼r idet blelnà hireb;l d;s ed%elnà
jg;r AE p[x's;r ¤¼r idet hel j;‹;r b;buedr inNd; kr;
z;‹; ek;n ¤p;Y enEà t;E itin p[qem p[tu*¼r idet c;Eeln
n;. ikN¼ t;-r g;en y;E q;kà b;bur; t;-ek a&Y idelnà
hireb;l d;esr &eYr a;r ek;n k;r, enE. t%n hireb;l jg;r
g;enr p[tu*¼r idet g;n /reln
ÚkI ker blil jg; j;‹; eg;lk b)Nd;bn.
eyq;Y b;mun r;j; c;iW p[j;à c;ridek t;r b;-exr bn.
ek;q;Y er et;r x*;mkuçu ek;q;Y er et;r
r;/;kuçu
s;men a;ez m;ink kuçu kreg mul; drxn.
tuE b;ijeY y;ib !uilr
e!;là ekner et;r
gçeg;l.
tuE kib g;Eib pYs; inib e%;s;muidr kI
k;r,.Û
Arpr dujenr l‹;E ebx jem y;Y. aenk=, /er
l‹;E cll. ikN¼ `;$;elr hireb;l d;esr g;ni$ amr heY rEl. bŸper
AE g;ni$r E]r;ij anub;d\ hY. ib%*;t Úa*;N$in kibY;lÛ
isenm;Y ikzu a'x ed\Y; heYez
h;¤ @u E¤ kl jg; j;‹; ehe&ns kMp;¤ç
eh;Y;r b[;imn ik' epejN$ e$n;N$s
b;mbu bux al a*;r;¤ç
eh;Y;r Ej EeY;r x*;m kuçu
eh;Y;r Ej EeY;r r;/; kuçu
luk inY;r m;ink kuçu Ø eh;Y;rÙ r*;i@x •$s al
a*;r;¤ç
eg; an ibi$' d* @[;m in@ n$ ib neYj s;m
ep;eYi$[ emkmin e$k f®;$;ir eh;Y;$
g[;¤ç.
AE g;ni$ z;Y;ice] ebx a;el;‹n tuelizl. skelr
k;ez a;j\ t; jnip[Y. ey kibg;n p[;Y ed‹ex; bzr a;eg b;°;ilr
hÌdYek s;‹; j;igeYizl es g;n a;j \ esk;elr a;kWR,IY
kibg;n –ep ÂIkOit l;& kerez. icrSmr,IY heY a;ez.
esojen*
" dIpb;i,à x;rdIY a`R 1415
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