|
smudÓ
mNhn ú 8
a;Nd;m;n
\ inek;br &;retr s;muidÓk pÓhrI
smudÓ esn
a;mr; pÓ;Y sb &;rtIYr;E men kir eyà &;retr sbRdi=, pÓ;Nt
hl kn*;kum;rIk; y; 8 i@gÓI a=;'exr Ak$u ¤¼er abiSht. ikNtu AE /;r,;i$
si#k nY. &;retr di=,tm pÓ;Nt hÛl egÓ$ inek;br áIepr di=,tm
a'x y;r pUebR n;m izl ipg¿m*;ilYn peYN$ ØPygmalion
Point) Ab' btRm;n n;m hl EiNdr;
peYN$. Ai$ 6 i@gÓI a=;'exr k;z;k;iz.
&;rtbWR eqek EeNd;enixY; ktdUr? h;j;r m;Elà p-;c
h;j;r m;El? Aekb;er &ulÞ EiNdr; peYN$ eqek EeNd;enixY;r sum;];
mh;áIepr dUrtB m;] 90 m;ElÞ ejen a;XcyR hebn eyà egÓ$ inek;berr
sbeceY ¤-cu p;h;‹ Ø2à105 fu$Ù m;¤N$ quEl;err \pr eqek %ub xi¼²x;lI
dUrbI=, yeN]r s;h;ey* sum;];r ¤¼rúpixcm pÓ;eNtr Aicneh@¿ ed%;
y;Y.
be^;ps;gerr a;Nd;m;n \ inek;br áIppu¢ Ab' a;rbs;gerr
l;=; áIppu¢ r;jwnitkà e&oeg;ilkà s;mirkà b;i,ij*k Ab' b;Yuà
Shl \ jl wsn*;pt*ibd*;Y suekoxelr ey;g* pÓeY;egr ¤pey;gIà s;muidÓk
pÓ;,Ij \ %inj ±XbeyRr apirsIm &;¹;rà s;muidÓk y;t;Y;t \
ibk;x sMpikRt ibWeY ‡•tBpU,R. a;mr; &;rtIYr; Asb eb;Zb;r ecê;
kir n; belE AE áIp‡ilr smeN/ a;mr; ibexW ‡•tB a;er;p kir n;.
yid\ a;m;edr a;b;r j;n; a;ez eyà AE áIp‡ilr jn* pÓ;Y sMpU,R&;eb
be^;ps;ger \ a;rbs;gerr is'h&;eg a;mr; a;m;edr a;i/pt* Sh;pn
kret eperiz.
&;rtbeWRr m;nic] %-ui$eY ed%el l=* kr; y;Y eyà
be^;p;s;gerr pUbRúdi=, idek Aks;ir mue¼²;r mt keYki$ =udÓ ibNdur
smiêß set*NdÓn;q de¼r &;W;Y " ÚAk s;ir isN/ur i$p.Û
AE hl a;Nd;m;n áIppue¢r e&oeg;ilk aiSttB. ek;lk;t; eqek 780
m;El. ecµ;E eqek 740 m;Elà a;Ytn 2580 bgRm;El. el;ks'%*; m;] keYk
l=à t;\ gt p÷;x bzerr n;n;&;eb ibk;exr pr. e&oeg;ilekr;
belnà pÓ;ewgith;isk yueg imY;nm;r Ø&UtpUbR bmR;Ù edexr Úekp
enegÓsÛ eqek sum;];r ÚAicneh@¿Û pyRNt smgÓ a;Nd;m;n inek;br áIppu¢
ibStOt izl. per n;n;rkm pÓ;kOitk ibpyReY Ar keYki$ a'x smuedÓ
tileY egezà b;ik a'x áIep pir,t heY A%n\ m;q; tuel d-;i‹eY a;ez.
A%n a;Nd;m;n áIpsmiêR ¤¼r sIm;eNt l*;¹fl¿ áIpà di=, sIm;eNt
r;$¿l*;¹¿ áIp \ as'%* %;i‹ ineY egÓ$ a;Nd;m;n ú ibStOitet pÓ;Y
duÛx m;El. Ar ciöx m;El di=e, il$¿l a;Nd;m;n Ab' t;r a;ix m;El di=e,
inek;br áIppu¢.
esk;el a;Ntj;itRk b;i,ej*r peq ikNtu be^;ps;gr
p;i‹ edb;r smY a;Nd;m;enr p;x ideYE sb j;h;ejr a;n;eg;n; izlà
ibexW ker 10 i@gÓI c*;enl ideY pOiqbIr n;n; idk eqek. a;ifÓk;à
cInà j;p;nà EijP$à gÓIs¿à er;mà m;lYà j;&;à sum;];
Et*;id bŸ edexr j;h;j AE peq y;t;Y;t krt pOiqbIr pUbR \ piXcmpÓ;eNtr
se^ b;i,ej*r jn* Ab' ntun edx a;ib:k;r \ ai/k;err ¤eâex*. AE peq
y;];k;el k%n\ s;Eek;en a;½;Nt heYà k%n\ pq h;ireYà k%n\ b;
p;nIY jelr sN/;en AE j;h;j‡il AE áIppue¢ Aes p‹t. A%;nk;r
a;idm as&* j;itr h;et t;edr l;ïn;r sIm; q;kt n; Ab' ikzu el;k
j'lIedr h;et m;r;\ p‹t. esEsb j;h;ejr n;ibekr; A j;Yg;$; sÁeN/
Amn sb &IitpÓd gLp pÓc;r ker eb‹;t eyà b;ik j;h;j s;/*mt
a;Nd;m;nek Ai‹eYE clt. Ar a;eg AE áIp‡ilr aiSttB bŸidn pyRNt
pOiqbIr el;ekedr k;ez a+;t izl. per a;Nd;m;n \ t;r b;isNd;edr sÁeN/
el;ek eysb k;ihnI pÓc;r ker eb‹;t t;r ebixr &;gE izl alIk b;
k;Lpink.
a;Nd;m;n sÁeN/ pÓqm ±ith;isk ¤eö% p;\Y; y;Y iátIY xt;ÝIet k®i@Y;s
$elimúr
el%; Aki$ ˜m,k;ihnIet y;et pyR$k be^;ps;gerr ktk‡il áIppue¢r kq;
ile%eznß n;m ideYezn Úa;gm;i$Û Øt%nk;r &;W;Y Good
Spirit Island). Ar per nbm xt;ÝIet
a;rbedxIY pirbÓ;jkedr @;eYir eqek a;rb a;Nd;m;enr %br p;\Y; y;Y. duÛjn
a;rb pirbÓ;jk y%n &;rt \ cIenr me/* smudÓpeq y;t;Y;t kerizeln
t%n p;nIY jelr sN/;en t-;r; AE áIppue¢ Aes pe‹n Ab' bn* ¤pj;tIYedr
h;et t-;edr ikzu m;ö;m;iZ m;r; y;Y. t-;r;
ile%eznà ÚA%;nk;r ai/b;sIr; ed%et ait &Yérà r° g;Œ kO‚b,Rà
`n ek-;k‹;en; eq;k; eq;k; m;q;r culà ku_ist \ &Y;bh mu%;kOit.
m;nuW‡il ng«k;Y \ bn* m;'s;xI jNtur mt ixk;err k-;c; m;'s iz-e‹
%;YÛ.
a;r\ c;rxÛ bzr per ]eY;dx xt;ÝIet pirbÓ;jk m;ekR;
ep;el;r el%; eqek AE áIp‡il sÁeN/ a;r\ ikzu j;n; eglà be^;ps;ger
a;Nd;m;n (Angaman) n;em
Ak ibr;$ áIppu¢ a;ez. Ar ai/b;sIr; at*Nt bn* \ as&*à ed%et
j;en;Y;err mtà Â&;b ½Ur. Ar; ibj;tIy m;nuW epel t;edr ht*;
ker k-;c;E &=, ker.Û
1853 s;el pirbÓ;jk m;í$;r isj;r ef{@¿irk m;l;K; eqek
eg;Y; y;b;r peq inekber Aes pe‹n. itin ile%eznà Úinek;br eqek ep‡
Øm;Y;nm;erÙ pyRNt aenk ez;$ ez;$ áIp a;ezà t;edr bel Úl*;¹ af
a*;¹;imYns¿Û (Land of
Andameons) Ab' t;et ikzu m;nuW b;s
ker y;r; j;et pÓ;wgith;isk. Ak ¤pj;itr el;k an* ¤pj;itr el;kek
ht*; ker &=, ker. ek;n\ j;h;j yid du&R;g*½em es%;en igeY pe‹
et; n;ibekr; ek¤E p[;, ineY ifer a;set p;er n;.Û
%ÓIêpUbR tOtIY xt;ÝIet smÓ;$ aex;ekr smY Akb;r Akdl
hÌtsbRÂ &;rtIY bi,k p;$ilpue] ifer Aes t;edr ˜m, ibbre,
ile%izelnà ÚsmuedÓpeq is'hl eqek a;sb;r smY Ak áIep a;m;edr
enobhr q;mel es%;nk;r kO‚k;Yà ku_ist \ ¤l^ ai/b;sIr; a;m;edr \pr
akq* at*;c;r ker \ yq;sbRÂ eke‹ enY. aitkeê pÓ;, ineY a;mr;
ifer Aesiz.Û anum;n kr; hY AE bi,kr; hYt a;Nd;m;enE Aes pe‹izeln.
AE&;eb bŸ xt;ÝI pyRNt a;Nd;m;n inek;berr áIp‡il
s&*jgetr k;ez Ak Úrhs*mY &Yér edxÛ bel g,* ht. ibXb;s kr;
ht eyà A%;nk;r a;idm ai/b;sIr; nr%;dk Ab' AE appÓc;err fel AE áIp‡il
sÁeN/ b;ik pOiqbIr m;nuWr; d;•, a;tégÓSt q;kt. fel n;n; el;ekr
b,Rn; eqek a;Nd;m;n \ t;r ai/b;sIedr sÁeN/ n;n;rkm ibXb;s*à
aibXb;s* \ aãut k;ihnI pÓc;r hl bŸ xt;ÝI /er.
AtdUer AE ibiCzµ áIp‡ilet m;nueWr pÓqm pd;pR, keb \ ik&;eb
heyizl &;bet ab;k l;eg. aenek beln ú bŸidn a;eg Ak ptuRgIj
j;h;j itnxÛ k;f{I ½Itd;súd;sI ineY em;j;iÁk eqek imY;nm;er
ptugIRj es$¿lemN$ ep• y;iCzl. du&R;g*½emà be^;ps;ger pÓc¹
Ze‹ j;h;ji$ idg¿˜ê heY a;Nd;m;n Aes p;e‹ eleg y;\y;et esE k;fÓI
S]Iúpu•W A%;enE eqek y;Y.
a;r\ ex;n; y;Y eyà m;leYxIY \ cIn; jldsu*r;
a;Nd;m;en t;edr `-;i$ wtir kerizl. t;r; ikzu &IW,dxRn k;fÓIedr
/er Aen A%;en eze‹ ideYizl y;et t;edr &eY b;Eerr ek;n\ j;h;j
A%;en Aes i&‹et n; p;er.
teb ib+ \ pÓisÊ ±ith;iskedr /;r,; eyà
AE áIp‡ilr ai/b;sIr; Shlpeq a;ifÓk; eqek piXcm AxIY edx‡il p;r
heY &;ret bŸ h;j;r bzr a;eg Aesizl Ab' imY;nm;r ú sum;]; ey;jk&Uim
b; isthmus ú
Aes bsb;s º• kerizl Ab' per pÓ;kOitk dueyR;eg AE ey;jk &Uimi$
y%n áIppue¢ pir,t hY t%n b;ik pOiqbI eqek t;r; ibiCzµ heY pe‹.
ek¤ ek¤ men kern AE k;fÓIr; Shlpeq a;ifÓk; eqek suNdrbn pyRNt
a;es. es%;en keYk xt;ÝI q;k;r pr g;e#r ‡-i‹ e%;d; p;let;l; enok;
Úk*;nuÛ (Canoe)úet
ker at*Nt du's;hesr pircY ideY AE áIppue¢ Aes ep-oezizeln ek;n\
a+;t k;re, inbR;ist jIbn y;penr jn*.
btRm;n inbN/k;err pÓY;t agÓj; xÓImtI pÓit&;
‡Ë bŸ bzr a;Nd;m;en izeln p÷;xà W;$à s¼err dxek Ab' pÓcur
anusN/;n \ gebW,;r pr dui$ bE ele%nú Úsbuj áIp a;Nd;m;n Ab' Úa;Nd;m;núshcrI
inek;brÛ. inek;br áIppue¢r Eith;s sÁeN/ iátIY gÓNhi$et itin
ile%eznà Úa;Nd;m;n bŸ a;eg eqekE inek;br pUbR Aixy;r edx‡ilr
s;eq pirict izl. bŸ xt;ÝI /er sum;];à j;&;à EeNd;cInà bmR;à
m;lYà is^;pur Amn ik cIn edx eqek\ b*bs;YIr; inek;ber y;t;Y;t krt.
a;r\ el;k a;st E¤er;epr e@nm;kRà ptuRg;là aií$ÓY; Et*;id edx‡il
eqekú pirt*¼² beS]r ibinmeY iney eyt j;h;j&itR n;rekl.
Úinek;br áIppue¢ ¤inxi$ áIp y;r me/* b;er;i$ áIep m;nueWr bsit
a;ez. pÓ/;n áIpi$r n;m k;r inek;br. AE áIpi$ áIppue¢r ¤¼rpÓ;eNtà
di=,pÓ;eNt a;ez egÓ$ inek;br. smgÓ inek;br áIppue¢r ibSt;r 163
m;El.
ÚiátIY xt;ÝIet k®i@E;s¿ $elim t-;r ˜m,bO¼;eNt
aE áIppue¢r ¤eö% kereznà n;m ile%ezn b*;•is (Barussae).
m;ekR; ep;el; Ar n;m ile% egezn Úenkue&r;m¿Û. m;lYb;sIedr
k;ez inek;br pirict izl s*;m¿ibl°¿ (Sambilong
b; nYi$ áIpÙ n;em. 1050 %ÓIê;eÝr
Great Tanjore InscriptionúA
inek;berr n;m el%; a;ez Ún;^;&rm¿Û b; ng«edr edx. n;^;&rmú n;K;brm¿ú
inek;brm¿ú inek;brúAr n;emr ibbtRn. The
Journal of Indian History-et
S. Krishnamurti Iyengar ile%eznà
di=, &;retr iátIY r;ejNdÓ ec;l; Ak;dx xt;ÝIet spirb;er
inek;br áIppue¢ Aesizeln. t-;r er;jn;mc;Y itin k;r inek;brek Úk;ráIpÛà
egÓ$ inek;bek Ún;g;áIpÛ Ab' eg;$; inek;brek Ún;^;&rm¿Û
n;em ¤eö% kerezn. cIn; pirbÓ;jk IT'Sung
672 s;el inek;br Aesizeln Ab' AE
áIppu¢ek cIn; &;W;Y el;ejeé; (Lojenko)
b; ¤l^edr edx n;em ai&iht
kerezn.
ibÓi$x a;mel jlpeq b;i,ij*k y;t;Y;t inr;pd kr;à
jelr g&Irt; m;p;à jelr nIecr pÓ;,Ij \ %inj ±XbeyRr pirm;,
anum;n kr; Et*;id k;ejr jn* Hydrography
aqR;_ jl&;g sÁeN/ gebW,;à
s;muidÓk m;nic] aén \ g&Irt; in,RY pÓ&Oit s'½;Nt
ib+;nccR;Y Eí$ Ei¹Y; ek;Mp;nI pÓqm eqekE t_pr izl. Az;‹; izl
enoyueÊ AE áIp‡ilr b*bh;err ey;g*t; in,RY kr;. A k;j º•
heYizl sËdx xt;ÝIet ek;Mp;nI á;r;à per t; c;ileY y;n ibÓi$x
srk;r Ab' prbtIRk;el &;rt srk;r.
1770 s;el k*;eP$n jn iric ØrY*;l eni&Ù inyu¼²
hn Hydrographer, Marine Survey
Department of India. Ein ŸglI ndI
eqek º• ker b;'edexr smudÓt$;÷l m;Y;nm;err t$;÷l Et*;idr si#k
s;muidÓk m;nic] ( Nautical
Charts) wtir kern. teb a;Nd;m;n áIppue¢r
s;muidÓk m;nic] wtir hY elf¿e$n*;N$ Øper k*;eP$nÙ a;icRbò ebÓY;err
t¼B;b/;en.
1777 s;el k*;eP$n jn¿ iric be^;ps;gerr áIp‡il
ek;Mp;nIr trf eqek em;$;mui$ jrIp ker g&nRr ejn;erl \Y;ern ehií$'sú
ek ele%nà ÛIn whatever light
these islands are considered, a thorough knowledge of them will
appear to be a matter of great utility.' 1789
s;el td;nINtn g&nRr ejn;erl l@R knR\Y;ilesr t¼B;b/;en Chief
Hydrographer k*;eP$n a;icRbò¿ ebY;r
Ab' Surveyor General ke,Rl
ek;lbÓ³kúek t-;r shk;rI iheseb smSt áIp‡il \ t;edr a;exp;exr
%-;i‹ \ smudÓ;÷l jrIepr k;ej p;#;en; hY itni$ k;re, " 1Ù
keYid ¤pinebexr jn* Aki$ men;mt Sh;n inbR;cnà 2Ù b;i,ij*k
y;]Ib;hI \ s;mirk j;h;j \ wsen*r jn* inr;pd ep;t;xÓY \ enoú`-;i$r
¤pyu¼² Sh;enr jn* sN/;n \ bNdr pirdxRnà Ab' 3Ù a;Nd;m;enr
a;idb;sIedr ekoxel bx ker t;edr se^ bN/utB Sh;pn.
A-r; dujn pÓ;Y sb kÛi$ b‹ áIpà bNdrà %-;i‹ Et*;id pirdxRn
ker ek;Mp;nIr k;ez epx kr; t-;edr irep;e$R il%elnà Úa;Nd;m;en At
suNdr bŸ Â;&;ibk ep;t;xÓY b; Natural
Harbour a;ezà y; pOiqbIr a;r ek;q;\
a;ez ik n; seNdh. pÓ;kOitk dOx* ait men;rm. jlh;\Y; &;el;. áIp‡ilr
me/* ez;$ b‹ bŸ p;nIY jelr Z,R; a;ez. ek;n\ ek;n\ ep;t;xÓY At pÓxSt
eyà rY*;l eni&r ae/Rk j;h;j es%;en an;Y;es r;%; y;Y. keYid ¤pinebx
b; Penal Settlement ú
Ar jn* di=, a;Nd;m;enr c*;q;m áIp \ t_s'lg« b‹ áIpi$ Øeyi$r
n;m per ed\Y; hY ep;$R ebY;rÙ %ubE ¤pyu¼².
1789 s;el es$¿lemN$ Sh;pn kr;r d;iYtB ideY k*;eP$n
ebY;rek numbir a;Nd;m;en
p;#;n hY. j^l pir:k;r kerà bsit Sh;pn kerà b;i‹`r wtir kerà
r;St; eke$à bNderr eji$ (Jetty)
wtir kerà a;idb;sIedr a;½m, er;/
kerà b-;x \ k;# eke$ ÚeZ;pi‹Û wtir kerà p;nIY jelr jn* p;k;
jl;xY wtir ker /Ier /Ier áIpdui$et kel;in ge‹ et;l; hlà jnÎ hl
pÓqm keYid ¤pinebexr. tirú trk;ir \ ikzu xes*r c;W\ º• hlß fl
p;\Y; egl a;x;tIt.
keYk bzr b;ed n;n;k;re, AE kel;in di=, sIm;Nt
eqek ¤¼r sIm;eNt ineY y;\Y; hY. ikNtu j'lIedr a;½m,à at*Nt aÂ;Sh*kr
a;bh;\Y;à rsedr a&;b Et*;id n;n; ibpedr smÎu%In heY
ibÓi$x srk;r AE ¤pinebxi$ pirt*;g kern.
a;Nd;m;n áIppue¢r b;ik Eith;s a;m;edr em;$;mui$
j;n; a;ez. t;E A%;en t;r punr;bOi¼ in:pÓeY;jn. teb Ar n;emr mUl
A%n\ ibtikRt. $elimr Úa;gm;e$Ûà m;ekR; ep;el;r Úa;^;m;nÛà efÓ@irekr
Úa;e¹imY;nÛà &;rtIY bi,kedr Úa;N/;r m;i,k*Ûà m;leYxIY dsu*edr
&;W;Y ÚEY;'ú$u'úm;'Û b; Úa;¹;m;nÛà r;m;Ye,r hnum;enr se^
áIpb;sIedr ech;r; emel bel Úh¹um;nÛà Úh¹;m;nÛà Úa;e¹m;nÛ
Et*;id n;emr \pr n;n;rkm jLpn;úkLpn; ek;nidn exW hb;r nY. teb
A%;nk;r el;ekr; bel eyà gN/m;dn pbRt beY ineY y;b;r smY
hnum;n AE áIep ibxÓ;m kerizeln Ab' Ar anbd* esoNdyR ede% muG/ heY
a;Nd;m;nek t-;r r;j/;nI krebn bel a;idb;sIedr kq; ideY igeYizeln pbnúnNdn.
º/u hnum;n eknà p;#k\ yid a;Nd;men k%n\ eb‹;et y;n et; es%;nk;r
pÓ;kOitk esoNdyR ede% muG/ heY y;ebn. smudÓà p;h;‹à ndIà Z,R;à
jlpÓp;tà %;i‹ ¤pt*k;à bNdrà g;zp;l;à pÓb;láIpà n;n;rkm \
n;n;re°r pÓb;l hÓd b; Coral
Lagoonà bNderr jel ÂCzt;à
n;n;re°r n;n;j;itr \ n;n; a;k;err
m;zà Â;Sh*kr a;bh;\Y;à pÓdUW,mu¼² pirebxú sb imileY a;r Ak
jgt AE a;Nd;m;n inek;br áIppu¢.
a;Nd;m;n inek;br áIppue¢r s;mirk ‡•tB sÁeN/
ibÓi$x srk;r icrk;lE \Y;ikbh;l izeln. iátIY mh;yueÊr pÓ;reÅ
j;p;n srk;r\ Ar ‡•tB ¤pli™ kernú As
early as the 7th February 1942, the Imperial General
Headquarters in Japan had issued orders for their capture.' (History
of the Second World War- Woodburn Kirby).
EY;^n Øer^unÙ xherr ptenr ab*biht pUebRE &;retr &;EsrY l@R
\eYe&elr a;edex ibÓi$x \ ‡%R; esn;nIr ey kÛi$ b*;e$ilYn
a;Nd;m;en izlà t;edr sireY en\Y; hY. Arpr ibÓi$x &;rtIY j;h;j
es;ifemir a;Nd;m;enr k;ez m;En ibeSf;re, @ueb y;Yà c;ri$ m;lb;hI
j;h;j ine%-;j heY y;Y Ab' ibÓi$x &;rtIY j;h;j r;md;s j;p;nI a;½me,
=itgÓSt hY. c*;q;m eji$ eqek b;ik ibÓi$x &;rtIY enoúesn;r
j;h;j j;p;nI @ueb;j;h;ejr a;½m, eqek b-;cb;r jn* 13E m;cR 1942 s;l
ecµ;E \ ek;lk;t; ai&mue% r\n; heY y;Y.
23 ex m;cR 1942 e&;r c;re$Y j;p;nI eni&r
Aki$ b;ihnI c*;q;m áIp \ ep;$R ebY;r a;½m, ker Ab' ep;$RebY;err
ebt;r Ab' e$ilgÓ;f dftr ¤i‹eY edY. duÛ`$; b;ed j;p;nI wsn*r;
xher pÓebx kret º• ker. Ek¿b;l is'eYr 'The
Andaman Story' Ab' ih¤ $YúAr 'The
Springing Tiger' p‹el A$; eb;Z;
y;Y eyà j;p;nIr; yid\ ent;jI su&;WceNdÓr Indian
National Army Battalion Ab' Provisional
Indian Government a;Nd;m;n
Sh;penr pÓitxÓ²it ideYizlà t;edr a;sl ¤eâx* izl sMpU,R&;eb
an*rkmú 'The Japanese had no
intention of handing over any effective power.'
ent;jI
hYt ibXb;s kerizeln eyà j;p;nIr; t;edr pÓitxÓ²it r;%eb Ab' Aki$ Co-prosperity
sphere ú Ar sOiê heb. ikNtu
ent;jIr Âep«r a;Nd;m;en Aki$ Indian
National Army Contingent ú Ar
Sh;pn; j;p;nI srk;r Eitme/*E n;kc ker ideYizeln. ent;jI a;Nd;m;en
Ak;E Aesizelnà \-ek a&*qRn; j;n;n a*;@imr;l Eixk;\Y;à iyin
izeln td;nINtn
Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Army. Hugh Toye ile%eznà
'The
Admiral, in agreeing to the appointment of an Indian Chief
Commissioner,
told Netaji that for urgent Strategic reasons there would be
no complete handover during the War but that, if the Commissioner
was prepared to co-operate, some departments of Civil Administration
could be transferred............ on the second and last day of
Netaji's visit, there was a public meeting in his honour.........
Netaji talked about the formation of the provincial Indian
Government and dwelt on his aim to seek the help of the Japanese
Government in the fight for India's freedom. Therefore, he said that
it was incumbent upon the Indians to co-operate the Japanese.'
ent;jIr a;Nd;m;en duÛidn
q;k;k;lIn ek;n &;rtIYek \-r k;ez a;set ed\Y; hYinà j;p;nIr; ey
AE áIp‡ilet &;rtIYedr \pr akq* at*;c;r krizl t; t-;ek j;net
ed\Y; hYinà Amnik &;rtIY Liaision
Officer úedr\ \-r se^ Aki$\ kq;
blet ed\Y; hYin. t;E a;Nd;m;enr &;rIYedr j;p;nIedr h;et ik abSh;
heYizl t; ent;jI ek;nidnE j;net p;ernin. a;r Amni$ ey heb t; &;rtIYr;
j;netn belE ent;jI a;Nd;m;n pirdxRen a;s;Y t-;r; ek;n ¤_s;h b;
a;nNd pÓk;x kern in. &;rtIYedr t-;r k;z eqek dUer r;%;r jn*
ent;jI yid /r; y;Y abSh;i$ %;ink$; a-;c kerizelnà esibWeY ek;n kq;
itin j;p;nIedr s;eq ek;n smeYE ¤ø;pn kern in. INA
úAr elfe$n*;N$ ke,Rl el;gn;qn¿ Chief
CommissionerúAr pd gÓh, krb;r jn*
1944 s;elr 22ex efbÓ²Y;ir ep;$R ebÓY;er a;esnà ikNtu t-;ek º/u
biseYE r;%; heYizlà pd gÓh, kret ed\Y; hYin. iátIY mh;yuÊ
abs;enr pr a;gí$ 1945 s;el j;p;nIr; a;tÎsmpR, ker \ ikzuidn per
a;Nd;m;n eqek cel y;Y.
a;Nd;m;en j;p;nI á;r; &;rtIYedr \pr akq*
am;nuiWk \ nOx's at*;c;err ibSt;irt ibbr, Am.
Ekb;l is'úAr suili%t bE 'The
Andaman Story' úet a;ez.
1947 s;elr efbÓ²Y;ir m;es a;E is As aifs;r
En;mul mijdek aE áIppue¢r pÓqm &;rtIY icf kimxn;r ped inyu¼²
kr; hY. AE smY eqekE AE áIp‡ilr &Uús;mirkà &Uúr;jwnitk
Ab' &Uúb;i,ij*k ‡•tB &;l&;ebE ¤pli™ krl ibÓi$x
mhl Ab' t;r fel edx&;g ineY ccR;k;lIn AE a÷li$ek a;el;cn;r
b;Eer r;%b;r ecê; kr; hY. AE ibWeY t_k;lIn ibÓi$x km*;¹;rúEnúicf
ifò m;xR;l s*;r k@ aikn¿elk¿ &;rt mh;s;ger ibÓi$x
kmn\eYlq¿úAr n;n; b*;p;er ai/k;r Ørsd \ %inj etl srbr;hà
pUbR piXcm pOiqbIr s;muidÓk a÷el j;h;j y;t;Y;t inYN],à a;k;xpeq
Er;kà xÓIlé;à m;Y;nm;rà m;leYixY; y;t;Y;etr sub*bSh;à kn\eYlq¿ú
Ar Â;eqR AE áIp‡ilr b*bh;r Et*;id ibWYÙ gebW,; ker Aki$ irepR;$
ele%n Ab' t;et belnà 'Should
India be unfriendly or liable to be influenced by a power, such as
Russia, China or Japan, hostile to the British commonwealth, our
strategic position in the Indian Ocean would become untenable and
our communications with New Zealand and Australia most
insecure.'
Akm;s
b;ed l¹niSht India Office AE
áIp‡ilr edxib&;egr smY ik abSh; heb t; j;nb;r jn* ey;g;ey;g
krel itnjn ibÓi$x s;mirk Chiefs
of Staffs mt;mt b*¼² ker beln eyà
áIp‡ilr ai/b;sIr; j;itgt&;eb &;rtIYedr eqek i&µà
sutr;' t-;r; AE a÷li$ ibÓi$x srk;err d%elE q;k; ¤ict bel men
kern. Az;‹; l¹n eqek l@R epiqk lerNs &;retr &;EsrY l@R \eYe&lek
Ak pe] ele%nà 'Attention
has been focussed here on the Andaman and Nicobar Island. The Chiefs
of Staff have been giving consideration....... and have represented
that from the strategic point of view t is most desirable that we
should retain British Sovereignty over the islands and that, if that
is not possible, we should at least conclude a special
agreement with India allowing usefull freedom to take what defensive
measures we consider necessary.'
AEs;eq A\ bl; hY eyà AE áIppue¢
keYki$ b‹ ibm;nbNdr b;ineY es%;en Royal
Air Force keYki$ Squadron
r;%; heb Ab' AE j;Yg;‡il
ibm;npeq y;b;r staging post b;
rsdà etl Et*;id srbr;ehr ekNdÓShl ihs;eb b*bh;r kr; heb. ikNtu A
b*bSh; ey &;rtIYr; shej emen enebn n; t; ibÓi$x srk;r buZet
eperizeln. idöI eqek l@R \eYe&l 1947úAr 19ex m;cR Aki$ pe] l@R
epiqk lerNsel ele%nà '.....
you will appreciate, of course, that the islands are a part of
India, and would not easily be given up by the Indian Government
expect in return for some very special consideration. The only
chance of securing the use of these Islands as a defensive
outpost would presumably be to get the matter covered in a general
defence agreement. AipÓelr 10
t;ire% &;retr Âr;êÓ sicb ikNtu Aki$ irep;e$R il%elnà
' The strategic value of the Islands was assessed by India's Defence
Department and the three Service Headquarters were of the considered
opinion that the Islands were not required for the development
of a ØibÓi$xÙ
Naval Base or for positioning a military garrision but a small
meteorological station would be located on the Islands for the
benefit of the ØrY*;lÙ Air
Force.'
AE
áIp‡ilek ineY esE smY ibÓe$nà &;rtIY k'egÓsà musilm lIgà
m;Y;nm;rà aeí$ÓilY; Et*;idr me/* Ak tumul ibtekRr sOiê hY. Ar
s;eq l;=; áIppu¢ek\ ekNdÓ ker AkE rkm&;eb kmn\eYlq¿ \ an*;n*
edx á;r; b*bh;err ai/k;r c;\Y; hY.
ibÓi$x srk;r AE smY a;r\ beln eyà Ae@n (Aden
A%n a;d;nÙ bNdri$ eymn Settlement
of Aden a;En p;x ker kmn\eYleqr b*bh;err
jn* e%;l; r;%; heYezà AE áIp‡ilek\ etmin r;%; eyet p;er. aenk
a;el;cn;r pr b*;p;ri$ &;retr &;EsrYú Ar \prE eze‹ ed\Y;
hl.
ikNtu l@R m;¤N$b*;e$nà iyin ± smeY &;EsrY
ped a;sIn izeln ek;en;idekE agÓsr het p;rizeln n;. k;r,à Ar a;eg India
and Burma Committee t-;edr %s‹;
ibel AE áIp‡ilr ek;en;E ¤eö% kern in. t%n sdR;r p*;e$l m;¤N$b*;e$nek
Ak pe] ele%nà 'The Congress
Party centainly regarded the Islands as part of British India and
that these were a Chief Commissioner's province under the Government
of India act 1935.'
ibÓi$x
srk;rek el%; t-;r irep;e$R l@R m;¤N$b*;e$n e%;l;%uil ele%nà It
is becoming increasingly clear to me that any attempt by His
Majesty's Government to claim the Andaman Islands as colonies will
cause an absolute flare-up throughout the length and breadth of
India........... My own position will be permanently undermined if I
were to act on behalf of His Majesty's Government in this
matter......... I believe the only reasonable solution would be to
suggest some form of joint control or a leasing of the naval and air
bases treaty........ the only thing I am quite certain about is that
any high-handed action about these Islands at this moment will
destroy all the good feelings which now exist between the two
countries.'
12E
jun Ak irep;e$R l@R m;¤N$b*;e$n a;lR af ileí$;\eYlek (Secretary
of State Earl of Listowel) ele%n
eyà eyehtu &;rtbWR duÛ&;eg &;g hebà esehtu k'egÓs \
musilm lIegr ent;edr s;eq AibWeY a;el;cn; ker mIm;'s; kr;E b;ïnIY.
9E jun Úid $;Ems¿ af¿ Ei¹Y;ÛY Aki$ s'b;ed bl; hY eyà ibÓi$x
srk;r AE áIp‡ilek t-;edrE inYN]e, r;%b;r isÊ;Nt ineYezn cuipcuip.
11E jun Úid ihNduSt;n $;Ems¿Û sMp;dkIY klem ele%n eyà Amn yid hYà
puer; &;ret AE ineY pÓc¹ ibxO×l; ed%; edeb. atAbà r;jwnitk
ent;à s'b;d\ s;miYkpe]r r;jwnitk sMp;dkà s;m;ijk ent;à r;jwnitk
ibexW+ Et*;idedr s;eq ibStOt a;el;cn; keE AibWeY isÊ;Nt en\Y; y;eb.
± ici#r keYk `N$;r me/*E ¤¼r a;es Secretary
of State eqekà y;et itin belnà 'The
relevant clauses of the Bill in their existing form would have to be
omitted but if no other provision is inserted, the Islands will
automatically become a part of free India by virtue of clause 2(1)
of the Bill.'
itin
a;r\ belnà 'We note that the
Muslim League claim that they are entitled to a share in the
Andamans and Laccadives as an All-India asset.' t-;r
metà ibSt;irt a;el;cn;r pÓeY;jn A%n\ fuireY y;Yin.
15E jun Aki$ Staff
Meetingú A l@R m;¤N$b*;e$n
AibWeY a;el;cn; pÓs^ ai&mt b*¼² kern eyà a;Nd;m;n &;rtek
ed\Y; ¤ict Ab' k;rúinek;br \ n;nk;\ir ibÓi$x srk;err a/Ien r;%;
¤ict. t-;r ai&met a;r\ pÓk;xà ibÓi$x srk;r ikNtu em;$;mui$
AE isÊ;NtE ineYezn eyà áIp‡ilet Akjn ibÓi$x kimxn;r ineY;g ker
es‡ilek x;sn kr; ¤ict.
abexeWà 5E jul;E Aki$ e$ilgÓ;em a;lR af¿ ileí$;\eYl
m;¤N$b*;e$nek j;n;nà 'The
Geographical position of these Islands makes it impossible to assign
them to Pakistan, nor did any form of joint control by both india
and Pakistan seem to us practicable. We felt that to exclude the
Islands altogether from either India would not be acceptable.'
AE
e$ilgÓ;mi$ y%n mhmÎd a;il ijµ;ek ed%;en; hYà t%n itin ¤:Î;Y
efe$ pe‹n. ibÓi$x pÓ/;nmN]I \ iber;/I delr ent;ek Aki$ e$ilgÓ;m
p;i#eY itin j;n;eln eyà duÛi$ ntun edxek &;retr e&oeg;ilk
±XbyR n*;YsmÎt&;eb &;g kr;r ek;n\ b*bSh;E kr; hYin. itin
a;r\ belnà 'Clause
2 of the Indian Independence Bill allots the Andaman and Nicobar
Islands to the Dominion of India. These
Islands have never formed a subject to discussion of agreement
between parties at any time. Their sudden inclusion in India
raises a very gave issue. They are not a part of India historically
or geographically. They were British possessions administered by the
Government of India and are not in the same category as other Chief
Commissioners' Provinces being reserved to the Governor General
under the Constitution Act 1935. The majority of the population
consists of tribes who are not connected to the peoples of Inia by
ethnical, religious or cultural ties. Pakistan's claim
to these Islands is very strong since the only channel of
communication between Eastern and Western Pakistan is by sea and
these Islands occupy important strategic positions on the sea route
and provide refueling bases. The Dominion of India have no claim.
They should form a part of Pakistan.
AE
e$ilgÓ;imi$ epeY ibÓe$en rIitmet; a;neNd;_sb º• hl Ab' a;r\
Aki$ pÓSt;b wtir kreln itnjn Chiefs
of Staff y;âB;r; AE áIp‡ilek
t%nk;r Commonwealth Committee in
the Far East úAr t¼B;b/;en Aki$
ibÓi$x kel;nI ihs;eb r;%b;r pÓSt;b ed\Y; hl. a;r\ bl; hl eyà A pÓSt;bi$
&;rt \ p;ikSt;enr gÓh,ey;g* n; hÛel AE áIp‡ilr yugÎ
m;ilk;n;r kq; &;bet Ab' duÛi$ edxek ibÓi$x eno \ b;Yuú esn;
`-;i$r b*bSh; emen inet heb. AE ibWeY Chiefs
of Staff Committeeúr mNtb* 'The
victory should however, be informed that if the Indians
leaders could not agree to it, we should be prepared to omit any
reference to these Islands from the Bill and to leave our interests
to be dealt with by negotiations with the new Dominion of India
alone.'
%;ink$;
m;¤N$b*;e$enr d;i=,* b; &;rtúepÓmà %;ink$; mh;tÎ; g;N/Ir
b*i¼²tBà %;ink$; enh•r s;eq g&Ir bN/utBà %;ink$; edxb*;pI
ibe=;e&r &Yà ikNtu pÓ/;nt" &;rtIY r;jwnitk
ent;edr c;epE AE áIp‡il abexeW &;retE a;es. ijµ;r ¤bRr
miSt:k p;ikSt;enr pe= AE áIp‡ilek d;bI kr;r jn* a;r ek;n\ justification
b; n*;y*t; ey;g;n idet p;er in.
áIp‡ilr b*bh;irk ey;g*t; eymnE eh;kà
Aedr jelà Shelà pbRetà bNder asIm esoNdeyRr z‹;zi‹. nYn&er
ede%\ tOiË hY n;ú Amn apUbRà Amn mihmmYà Amn men;muÔkr Ar pÓ;kOitk
–p. A%;nk;r pÓkOitr lIl; ede% men men pÓ,;m kret hY sb lIl;r
iyin a;kr esE prm;tÎ;ekú
ey; edeb; aeg«o ey; apsu
ey; ibXbm¿ &ubnm¿úúúúú
ey; \W/IWu ey; bnSpitWu
twSÎ edb;Y nem; nm"
AE áIp‡ilek pir½m; ker Akjn ibedxI el%k
ile%izelnà 'No
amount of description of these Islands can do justice to them. Their
beauty maddens the soul like wine. They invite Wordsworth, a Spenser
or a Tagore to celebrate them in immortal verse; a Macauly or
a Thackeray to praise their striking beauties in glorious prose; a
Michaelangelo or a Raaphael to depict this fairyland in
glowing colours.'
¤ps'h;er a;b;r xÓImtI pÓit&;
‡Ëúr xr, iniCzú Úy-;r; ihm;lY ˜me, y;n t-;r; ng;i/r;ejr
icrtuW;rbOt –epr s;=;_ l;& ker tIqRy;];r pu,* s÷Y kern y-;r;
¤¼r &;ret y;n t-;r; ±ith;isk j;Yg;‡il dxRn ker Eith;esr +;n
a;hr, kernà y-;r; di=, &;ret y;n t-;r; d;i=,;et*r miNdrmY xhr‡il
ede% ixLpsOiêr crmtm ¤_keWRr dOê;Nt p;nà ikNtu y-;r; a;Nd;m;en
a;esnà t-;r; p;n Ak ntun Âp«mYà ÂgIRY edx a;ib:k;err apiremY
a;nNd.Û
ibWuber%; eqek 6 i@gÓI a=;'x di=e, Ab' idöI
eqek kn*;kum;rI yt dUerà kn*;kum;rI eqek tt$;E dUer \ di=e, a;ez
&;rt mh;s;gerr ekNdÓibNdu iheseb Aki$ ibr;$ áIppu¢à n;m Chagos
Archipelago b; c;gs¿ áIppu¢ y;r
pÓ/;n bNderr n;m Diego Garcia b;
i@eYeg; g;isRY;. AE áIppu¢i$ izl ibÓi$x srk;r ai/k;er pirt*¼²
Al;k; iheseb. edxib&;egr smY a;m;edr edexr ent;edr yid AE áIppue¢r
r;jwnitkà b;i,ij*kà s;mirk Et*;id ‡•tB sÁeN/ sUc*;gÓ pirm;,\
+;nà r;jwnitk ibc=,t; \ t_prt; q;kt tÛ AE áIp‡il\ &;retr
d%el a;set p;rt Ab' smSt &;rt mh;s;ger Økn*;kum;rI eqek di=, em•
pyRNtÙ a;m;edr edexr r;jwnitk \ s;mirk pÓ&;b bj;Y q;kt.
a;emirk; es$; buZt belE per AE áIppu¢i$ek ibÓi$x srk;r eqek ¤ph;r
iheseb ineY Ak ibr;$ enoúesn; \ b;Yuesn; `-;i$ Sh;pn kerez. A$; ik
ker hl ik'b; Maldives b;
m;láIp\ ekn a;m;edr d%el Al n; es a;r Ak k;ihnI.
tq*sUcI
"
el%ekr
ú Under
Two Ensigns
ÚsbujáIp a;Nd;m;nÛ ú pÓit&; ‡Ë
Ûa;Nd;m;n shcrI inek;br ú pÓit&; ‡Ë
The Transfer of Power 1942-47 - Nicholas Mansergh
Viceroy's Official Conference File No. 19 (1947)
The Andaman Story - N. Iqbal singh
Report on the Roayl Indian Navy - Naval headquarters (I), 1946
The Royal indian Navy - D.J.E.
Collins
Reminiscences - Vice
Admiral K.L.
Kulkarni, Reer Admiral K.R. Nair
A Matter of Honour - Philip Mason
TheTimes of India - Mumbai, June9, 1947
The Hindustan Times - New Delhi, June 11, 1947
el%ekr gt 30 bzerr irs;cR epp;rß
men;gÓ;f \ an*;n* rcn;.
History of the Second World War-
Woodburn Kirby
The Springing Tiger - Hugh Toye
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